小学英语教案导学案（精品推荐）XX届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题一名词和冠词【典例精析】1.（福建）what’sthe_____ofhavingapubli下面是小编为大家整理的小学英语教案导学案3篇,供大家参考。
小学英语教案导学案篇1
（精品推荐）XX届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题一 名词和冠词
【典例精析】
1. （福建）what’s the _____ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?
a. sense b. matter c. case d. opinion
【解析】a sense意为“感觉”在这样一个公共场所，不可以吃喝甚至不可以走动有什么感觉。
2.（天津卷）most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.
a. fuels b. articles c. goods d. products
【解析】a fuel燃料，题干中coal, gas, oil均为燃料，由此选出a
3. （山东）i bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real______.
a. exchange b. bargain c. trade d. business
【解析】b bargain廉价货符合句意，exchange交换；trade贸易，买卖；business事业，业务均不合句意
4. （江西卷）—shall we go out for a walk?
—sorry. this is not the right ____ to invite me. i am too tired to walk.
a. moment b. situation c. place d. chance
【解析】a 句意为：此刻邀请我不合适，moment此时，此刻符合句意；situation形式；place地方；chance机会均不合题意
5. （湖北卷）the young man made a ______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.
a. prediction b. promise c. plan d. contribution
【解析】b 年轻人对父母做出许诺。b许诺，答应符合句意；a意思为预测，c为计划，d意为贡献均不合句意
6. （湖北卷）the top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______
a. atmosphere b. state c. situation d. phenomenon
【解析】a atmosphere氛围。气氛符合句意；b为状态；c为形式；d意为现象
7. （安徽卷）to save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “save our ________” .
a. sky b. life c. arts d. voices
【解析】d句意：为了拯救那些被遗忘的人类语言，我校同学开展了题为“拯救我们的声音”的大讨论；此处声音妥当
8.（辽宁卷）my neighbor asked me to go for _________ walk, but i don’t think i’ve got _________ energy.
a. a; 不填 b. the; the c. 不填； the d. a; the
【解析】d go for a walk 去散步，走走，固定搭配；the energy 那个力量，专指去散步的力量，具体所指，所以用定冠词the.
9.（全国ⅱ）it’s not _________ good idea to drive for four hours without _________ break.
a. a; a b. the; a c. the; the d. a; the
【解析】a开车好几个小时没有一个一次休息不是一个好主意，所以从意义上都是单数，而且是可数名词，所以都用不定冠词a.
10.（山东卷)students should be encouraged to use _____ internet as _________ resource.
a. 不填； a b. 不填； the c. the; the d. the; a
【解析】d因特网专有名词用定冠词；作为一种资源，种类泛指用不定冠词a.
11.（湖南卷，22）have you heard ______ news？the piece of _______ petrol is going up again!
a. the, the b. 不填，the c. the, 不填 d. 不填，不填
【解析】c 听说那个消息，特指后面的石油价格上涨，所以用定冠词；石油不可数名词，所以不用任何冠词
12.（江苏卷，21）we went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent.
a. the; the b. 不填；the c. the; 不填 d. 不填；不填
【解析】b by +交通工具中间不用任何冠词；与水路对应，专指陆路，所以用定冠词the.
13.（江西卷，30）--- i am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
--- it is not your fault. with __ rush-hour traffic and __ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.
a. a; a b. the; the c. /; / d. /; a
【解析】a 一种。。。样的交通状况用a;这么一场大雨，泛指，用a.
14.（陕西卷，10）i ate _________ sandwich while i was waiting for _________ 20:08 train.
a. the, a b. the, the c. a, the d. a, a
【解析】c 我吃了一个三明治，一般所指；特指哪一列火车，用定冠词the.
15.（四川卷，08）in the united states, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found.
a. a; the b. the ; a c. the; the d. a; a
【解析】a一群人流，a flow of 固定搭配；特指能找到工作的那个地方，所以用定冠词。
16.（浙江卷，2）______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.
a. an; the b. the; the c. an; 不填 d. the; 不填
【解析】a一个苹果，可数名词；hit sb on the head 固定用法。击中某人某个部位用定冠词。
17.（重庆卷） in many places in china, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.
a. a; the b. /; a c. the; a d. the; the
【解析】c 自行车，专指大家知道的交通工具，用定冠词表类别；一种。。。方式，固定用法。
【学法导航】按照名词和冠词的考查规律，同学们在复习备考中要注意：
1. 语义学习是语言学习过程中的基础，没有一定的词汇量，听说读写等其它能力无从谈起。所以，在备考中，一定要重视词汇语义的学习和复习
2. 词汇意义的领悟和掌握既要机械记忆，又要在阅读、运用中领悟，巩固。要将词汇织成一个网，全面掌握一些重要的词汇及相关词汇
3. 同义词近义词的学习必须进行专项复习。收集大量的语言实例，反复记忆，用心领悟。
4. 考查零冠词用法。
5. 和某些抽象名词连用，使其具体化以及不可数名词在特指情况下将成为考查重点。
6. 冠词在一些固定短语，特殊句式的运用将仍旧会出现在某些省市的高考试卷中。
7. 比较级中的冠词也是考查的重点。
8. 冠词的基本用法，定冠词在adj.前表示一类尤其是考查的重点。
9. 语境、语义下的冠词灵活运用。
10. 根据知识网络将冠词的基本用法记牢，这是你做好试题的前提。
11. 熟悉一些名词的用法，和冠词结合。有很多不可数名词，有时候被具体化的情况，也是考查的重点
12. 多做练习，能够提高熟悉语境的能力，很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的，这方面一定要重视
【专题综合】
1.i heard you have______ vacant position for a secretary. i’ve come to apply for _____job.
a.the; a b.a; the c.不填； a d.a; 不填
2.---john, there is_____ mr. wilson on the phone for you.
---- i’m in____ bath.
a. a; the b. the; a c. a; 不填 d. 不填； 不填
3. people think that ______ opening ceremony of the 29th olympic games is _____ great success.
a. an; a b. the ; a c. the ;the d. the ; x
4. --- do you often listen to _____ radio?
----no, in fact i haven’t got____ radio.
a. a; the b. 不填； a c. the; a d. the; the
5.--- waiter, could we have_____ bill, please?
----darling, don’t forget to leave____ tip.
a. a; the b. a; 不填 c. the; 不填 d. the; a
6. the research showed beyond ________ that smoking contributes to heart diseases.
a. wonder b. doubt c. problem d. use
7 would you take my old tv in _______ for this camera?
a. place b. return c. exchange d. business
8 faced with the hard financial ____________, all the countries in the world should learn to cooperate to get it over.
a. situation b. position c. phenomenon d. state
9. it is a spectacular __________ as the fireworks are set off and light up the who sky during the spring festival.
a. look b. view c. scenery d. sight
10. quite a few employees’ payments are cut down and barely cover their household ________ due to the serious economic crisis.
a. bills b. expenses c. prices d. charges
11. suddenly we felt the _________atmosphere grow tense as neither of the sides would give in.
a. atmosphere b. state c. situation d. phenomenon
12. the chinese are looking forward to the first _______to land on the moon after three chinese astronauts’ successful trip to space.
a. measure b. attempt c. purpose d. desire
13. —who did you stay with yesterday? i couldn’t find you anywhere.
— ___________.
a. mr. green’s b.the greens c. greens d. the mr. green’s
14. i shouldn’t have accepted the man’s present, but i found it difficult to turn down his ______.
a. offer b. request c. suggestion d. plan
15. he kept sending her presents in an attempt to win her _______.
a. respect b. favor c. admiration d. pleasure
参考答案1-5 badcd
6【解析】b beyond doubt为固定短语，意为：无疑，确实。本句句意为：这项研究确实表明吸烟会导致心脏疾病。
7.【解析】c in return for…作为回报；in exchange for…交换。你愿意用我的旧电视机换这架照相机吗？
8【解析】a面对严重的经济形势，世界各国应努力合作共同克服。situation形式，处境。
9【解析】d look看；面貌；view指从某处看到的景色；scenery指自然景色；sight指所看到的事物，景象。在春节期间，当烟火被点燃照亮整个夜空的时候真是一幅壮观的景象。
10.【解析】b expense 意为“（时间、精力、金钱等的）消耗，花销，费用”。很多雇员收入下降不够维持生活的费用”。故选b项。bill 意为“账单，清单”。price 意为“价格，价钱，市价，代价，价值”。charge 意为“费用，捐税，代价，记账”，作“费用”解时指卖方开出的价钱。
11【解析】a atmosphere氛围，d意为现象。我们突然感觉到气氛变得紧张了。
12【解析】b measure 措施； attempt试图，尝试；purpose目的； desire渴望，欲望。在中国三名宇航员成功遨游太空后，中国正盼望着登月的第一次尝试。
13【解析】b此题考查考生对复数姓氏名词的掌握能力。表示姓…的一家人，应用the +姓氏的复数形式。
14【解析】a offer: statement offering to do, or give sth to sb.（为某人做某事或给某人某事物的）建议，提议request: act of asking for sth. 要求；suggestion提议或建议的内容；plan计划。本句句意为：我本不该接受那个人的礼物，但很难拒绝他的提议。故选a。
15.【解析】b 他不停送给她礼物，试图获得她的好感。favor: liking , goodwill , approval 喜爱，宠爱，好感，欢心。
【专题突破】
冠词做题技巧点拨：注意固定短语中的冠词；名词的具体化；抽象名词表示特指；在做题中要注意前后两个空的彼此照应；可以依据意思和语境把握冠词。
名词做题技巧点拨：注意同义词、近义词意思的把握，要依据语意、词义进行辨析。
1. recently cctv station has taken great pains to make a program that reviews the important_____0f .
a. affairs b. events c. matters d. things
2. there’s no ______from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys.
a. view b. scene c. sight d. look
3. she is in a poor ______of health, which worries her mother much.
a. position b. situation c. state d. condition
4. the experiment turned out to be ________, which wasn’t ______ they wanted.
a. a completely failing; as b. a complete failure; what
c. completely failure; that d. failed; 不填
5. in the botanic garden we can find a（n）______of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.
a. species b. group c. amount d. variety
6. he was chosen _________ of the company.
a. manager b. a manager c. the manager d. as a manager
7. i looked under __________ bed and found __________ book i lost last week.
a. the; a b. the: the c. 不填； the d. the; 不填
8.—how about __________ christmas evening party?
—i should say it was __________ success.
a. a; a b. the; a c. a; 不填 d. the; 不填
9. polar bears live mostly on __________ sea ice, which they use as __________ platform for hunting seals.
a. a; a b. a; the c. 不填； a d. the; 不填
10. we have every reason to believe that __________ beijing olympic games will be __________ success.
a. 不填； a b. the; 不填 c. the; a d. a; a
11. many people have come to realize that they should go on __________ balanced diet and make __________ room in their day for exercise.
a. a; 不填 b. the; a c. the; the d. 不填； a
12.—could you tell me the way to __________ johnsons, please?
—sorry, we don’t have __________ johnson here in the village.
a. the; the b. the; a c. 不填； the d. the; 不填
13. __________ walk is expected to last all day, so bring __________ packed lunch.
a. a; a b. the; 不填 c. the; a d. a; 不填
14. in __________ film cast away. tom hanks plays __________ man named chuck noland.
a. a; the b. the; a c. the; the d. a; a
15. how about taking __________ short break? i want to make __________ call.
a. the; a b. a; the c. the; the d. a; a
16. i wanted to catch __________ early train, but couldn’t get __________ ride to the station.
a. an, the b. 不填， the c. an, 不填 d. the, a
17. i like __________ color of your skirt. it is __________ good match for your blouse.
a. a; the b. a; a c. the; a d. the; the
couldn’t remember when he first met mr. anderson, but he was sure it was __________ sunday because everybody was at __________ church.
a. 不填； the b. the; 不填 c. a; 不填 d. 不填； a
19.— i knocked over my coffee cup. it went right over __________. — you shouldn’t put drinks near __________ computer.
a. the; 不填 b. the; a c. a; 不填 d. a; a
20. in __________ review off 44 studies, american researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of __________ heart disease by 76%. _______
a. a; the b. the; a c. a; 不填 d. 不填； a
21. of all __________ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was __________ most important one.
a. the; a b. 不填； a c. 不填； the d. the; the
22. for him __________ stage is just __________ means of making a living.
a. a; a b. the; a c. the; the d. a; the
23. according to __________ world health organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent __________ spread of aids.
a. the; 不填 b. the; the c. a; a d. 不填； the
24. everywhere man has cut down __________ forests in order to grow crops, or to use __________ wood as fuel or as building material.
a. the; the b. the; 不填 c. 不填； the d. 不填； 不填
25. i know you don’t like __________ music very much. but what do you think of __________ music in the film we saw yesterday?
a. 不填；不填 b. the; the c. the; 不填 d. 不填； the
参考答案 1-5 bacbd 6-10 abbcc 11-15 abcbd 16-20. dccbc 21-25 dbbcd
小学英语教案导学案篇2
（精品推荐）XX届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题八 非谓语动词和独立主格结构
【典例精析】
1. （08北京）____ that she was going off to sleep, i asked if she"d like that little doll on her bed.
a. seeing b. to see c. see d. seen
【解题】a非谓语动词see构成的短语与句子的主语i即其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用在句首，中间与句子用逗号分开，表示伴随情况，用作伴随状语，因此用现在分词。
2.(08全国卷i)i like getting up very early in summer. the morning air is so good ____.
a. to be breathed b. to breathe c. breathing d. being breathed
【解题】b在主系表结构中，当表语形容词为good, light, heavy, difficult等时，其后常用不定式作状语，表示时间，原因，结果等，且常用主动形式表示被动意义，因此选b。此处为特殊情况。
3.(08北京)----did the book give the information you needed?
----yes. but ____ it, i had to read the entire book.
a. to find b. find c.to be finding d. finding
【解题】 a 非谓语动词短语与主句之间用逗号隔开，作状语。根据句意：为了找到需要的信息，我不得不看完整本书的内容，表示目的。不定式常在句首作目的状语，且此处不表示动作正在进行，因此用一般式，选a。
4.（09湖南）nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .
a. reusing b. reused c. reuses d. to be reused
【解析】d 考查动词不定时的用法。句意为：现在人们有时把他们的废物分开，以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作，而且是被动的。故选d。
5.（09江西）_________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
a. giving b. having given c. to give d. given
【解析】d 考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：if they are given the right kind of training , 可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则，连词if 也可省，所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager soccer players……
6.（09江西）the government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
a. forced b. forcing c. to be forced d. having forced
【解析】b 考查非谓语动词的用法。 现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰new laws ,相当于which forces ……...
7.（09海南）the children all turned_____the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
a. looked at b. to look at c. to looking at d. look at
【解析】b。 句意为：当那位著名的女演员走进了教室，所有的孩子都转过头去看她。
turn to 表示“转向，求助”的意思。
8.(09海南) now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?
a. taking b. take c. taken d. to take
【解析】c。 考查with +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为：现在，我们已经讨论了问题，是人们最满意的决定？ take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动
9.（09山东）we are invited to a party _________in our club next friday.
a. to be held b. held c. being held d. holding
【解析】a 考查非谓语动词的用法，由next month可知时间是在将来，party是被举行，故选a。
10（09陕西）i still remember to the famen temple and what i saw there.
a. to take b. to be taken c. taking d. being taken
【解析】d 考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语，而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时，可以用v-ing形式，v-ing表示的动作已经完成，也可用动词不定式，表示的动作还未发生，根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成，且与逻辑主语是被动关系，用v-ing的被动式，选d。
11.（09福建） not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
a. reminding b. reminded c. to remind d. having reminded
【解析】b 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选b。
12.（09福建）in april, , president hu inspected the warships in qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the pla navy.
a. marking b. marked c. having marked d. being marked
【解析】a 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，其后有宾语，故与逻辑主语是主动关系，且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，用现在分词，选a。
13.（09湖南）when he the door, he found his keys were nowhere.
a. would open b. opened c. had opened d. was to open
【解析】d 考查非谓语动词。动词不定时的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候，他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。
14.（09湖南）9.at the age of 29, dave was a worker, in a small apartment near boston and ______ what to do about his future.
a. living; wondering b. lived; wondering
c. lived; wondered d. living; wondered
【解析】a 考查分词的用法。句意为：29岁的大卫，是一个工人，住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近，不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰a worker，and 为并列连词，连接相同的成份。
【专题突破】依据非谓语动词各个不同类型的考查方式和特点。可以采用非谓语动词和独立主格结构的“五步骤”做题法；即非谓语动词的“五步骤”做题法：1.牢记核心意义；2.分析句子成分；3.寻找逻辑主语；4.了解时间关系；5.分析特殊情况。独立主格结构的“五步骤”：1. 认识独立主格结构，建立独立主格结构概念；2. 认清独立主格结构的来源，理解独立主格结构的功能；3. 从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别；4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能；5. 熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型，全面掌握独立主格结构。当然并非每道题都要全面考虑以上"五步骤" 有时只需通过一两个步骤即可得到答案。我相信，只要同学们在训练中严格按照这种思路去分析，就可以练就一双火眼金睛，那么，再难的考查非谓语动词和独立主格结构的试题都是可以快速得到答案的。
1. i don’t know whether you happen ____ it, but i’m going to study in the u.s.a. this september.
a. to be heard b. to be hearing c. to hear d. to have heard
2. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.
a. tiring; to admire b. being tired; admiring
c. tired; to admire d. tired; admiring
3. don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth.
a. run b. running c. being run d. to run
4. he looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
a. put b. to be put c. to put d. putting
5. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.
a. having stolen b. having been stolen c. stolen d. stealing
6. to answer correctly is more important than _____.
a. that you finish quickly b. finishing quickly
c. to finish quickly d. finish quickly
7. you will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go.
a. to be advertised b. advertised c. advertise d. advertising
8. the monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the river.
a. to have discovered b. to have been discovered
c. to discover d. having been discovered
9. —— have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?
——yes. i like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.
a. to change; to be b. to change; being c. changing; being d. changing; to be
10. mr. green is said _____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.
a. to do b. to have done c. to be doing d. to have been doing
11. seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.
a. prepare b. preparing c. prepared d. having prepared
12.the murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
a. being tied b. having tied c. to be tied d. tied
13.weather___, we"ll go out for a walk.
a. permitted b permitting c permits d for permitting
14.the speech ______ a lively discussion started.
a.being delivered b. was delivered
c.be delivered d. having been delivered
15.______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly
than a man whose command of language is poor.
a.other things being equal b.were other things equal
c.to be equal to other things d.other things to be equal
16.all things ______, the planned trip will have to be called off.
a.considered b.be considered c.considering d.having considere
参考答案：
1.【解析】d happen to have done sth 为不定式的完成时， 表示一个已经完成了的动作，强调对于现在的影响。
2.【解析】c tired and out of breath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事
3.【解析】b非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，选项a、d表示将来可能发生的动作；b表示宾语持续性动作，根据句意选b,表示水不停地流出。
4.【解析】d catch sb doing sth表示发觉或当场捉住 sb在做一件事情。
5.【解析】a从动作发生的时间来看，应是先偷钻石，再找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。
6.【解析】c题意为“正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。
7.【解析】b advertise意为“为……登广告”。made in this factory作定语修饰product; advertised作宾语补足语。
8.【解析】a用不定式的完成式表示动作发生在(定语)从句谓语动作之前。
9.【解析】d consider 作“考虑”解时，后常接-ing形式（短语）作宾语；作“认为” 解时，后常接含有名词、形容词或to be的复合结构。
10【解析】b由when young可知此处应该用不定式的完成式，表示此动作发生在谓语动作之前。
11.【解析】c由固定短语be (well) prepared for可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。
12.【解析】d. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选d. 13.【解析】b. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为"天气允许"，表主动，应用现在分词，故选b。如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为if weather permits, we"ll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
14.【解析】d 句意：演讲完后，开始了热烈的讨论。把握前后主语不一致，动作发生在之前，故选答案为d.
15.【解析】a 句意：在其它条件相同的情况下，表达好的人肯定要比语言能力差的人更快地取得成功，前后的主语不一致，故选答案a.
16.【解析】a 考虑了方方面面之后，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消了，前后主语不一致，故答案为a。
【学法导航】非谓语动词内容繁多，用法复杂，是学生们在英语学习过程中的最大难点，也是高考中的必考项目。独立主格结构相对来说考查较少，但经常放在with复合结构中考查；同学们要想掌握他们的用法，轻松备战高考，快速准确地解题，不妨牢记非谓语动词和独立主格结构基本、特殊用法以及解题“五步骤”，具体内容如下：
一。非谓语动词“五步骤”
1. 牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够，动词ing形式表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完
2.分析句子成分。非谓语动词在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语以及状语。
3.寻找逻辑主语，把握，前后主语一致性和主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语，但它仍表示的是动作，因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者，这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。作主语补足语，表语和状语时，逻辑主语为句子的主语；作宾语补足语，逻辑主语为宾语；作定语，逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词；复合结构自带逻辑主语。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的是主动关系，用现在分词或不定式的主动式，如果是被动关系，则用过去分词或不定式的被动式，如果表被动进行，则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。
4.了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用一般式；如果发生在之前，则用完成式，如果强调正在进行，则用进行时；如果动作在将来发生，则用不定式。
5.分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法，固定搭配等。
二。独立主格结构的“五步骤”
1.认识独立主格结构，建立独立主格结构概念。
最初的独立主格结构就是带逻辑主语的分词结构，它的作用相当于状语。
2. 认清独立主格结构的来源，理解独立主格结构的功能。
我们清楚地看出独立主格结构作状语和分词作状语一样来源于状语从句。
3.从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别。
分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同，分词的逻辑主语为主句的主语，独立主格结构的逻辑主语就是分词前边的名词或代词。
4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能。
要将复合句或并列句改成简单句时，应注意：要根据分词和独立主格结构作状语时逻辑主语的不同情况改写句子，当复合句或并列句的主语一致时，适合改成分词作状语；当复合句或并列句的主语不一致时，适合改成独立主格结构作状语。
5.熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型，全面掌握独立主格结构。
有时将并列句或复合句改成简单句时，应注意：原句中含有 be 动词时，一律改成 being 形式， being 后面为非名词时 being 可忽略。
独立主格结构除了分词式独立主格结构之外，还有介词、形容词、副词、不定式式独立主格结构，即带逻辑主语的介词、形容词、副词、不定式结构，可用作伴随状语、条件状语、原因状语或时间状语。
【专题综合】1. ____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
a. to throw b. thrown c. throwing d. being throwing
2. ____ in the fields on a march afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
a. to walk b. walking c. walked d. having walked
3. i hear they"ve promoted tom, but he didn"t mention ____ when we talked on the phone.
a. to promote b. having been promoted
c. having promoted d. to be promoted
4. the message is very important, so it is supposed ____ as soon as possible.
a. to be sent b. to send c. being sent d. sending
5. ____ around the water cube, we wre then taken to see the bird"s nest for the olympic games.
a.having shown b. to be shown c. having been shown d. to show
6. we had an anxious couple of weeks ____for the results of the experiment
a. wait b. to be waiting c. waited d. waiting
7. ____ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
a. fail b. failed c. to fail d. having failed
8. it is one of the funniest things ____ on the internet so far this year.
a. finding b. being found c. to find d. found
9. ____ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
a. waiting b.to wait c. having waited d. to have waited
10.----can those ____at the back of the classroom hear me?
-----no problem.
a. seat b. sit c. seated d. sat
11.he was busy writing a story, only _____once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
a. to stop b. stopping c. to have stopped d. having stopped
12. please remain ______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
a. seating b. seated c. to seat d. to be seated
13.----they are quiet, aren"t they?
----yes. they are accustomed ______at meal.
a. to talk b. to not talk c. to talking d. to not talking
learn english well, we should find opportunities to hear english ______as much as we can.
a. speak b. speaking c. spoken d. to speak
15. lucy"s new job paid twice as much as she had made _____in the restaurant.
a. working b. work c. to work d. worked
16.the soldier fell asleep ________.
a.with the candle burning b.burning the candle
c.when he was burning the candle d.when burning the candle
17.________, the tiananmen square looks more beautiful.
a.being on b.when being on
c.with all the lights on d.when it turns on all the lights
18.____ the notice, he had an idea.
a.when he was watching b.watching c.when watching d.all the above
19.______ the notice, an idea came to his mind.
a.when he was watching b.watching c.when watching d.all the above
参考答案：1-5 cbbac 6-10 dddcc 11-15bbdca 16-19 acda
小学英语教案导学案篇3
XX高考二轮复习英语学案专题五 动词和动词短语
【典例精析】1.（XX年全国卷i， 23）the performance ______ nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early.
a. covered b. reached c. played d. lasted
【解析】a 句意：这次演出持续了近三个小时，但是很少有人提前离开剧院。last持续，继续；cover 覆盖，包括，涉及，足以支付；reach 到达，够得着；play 扮演，玩。
2.（XX年安徽卷，28）-----are you happy with your new computer?
----- no, it is _______ me a lot of trouble.
a. showing b. leaving c. giving d. sparing
【解析】c句意：---你对你的新的计算机满意吗？---不，它给我带来许多麻烦。四个选项中的动词都可以接双宾语，但意义不同。show sb sth.给某人看某物，出示某物给某人看；leave sb sth.给某人留下某物；give sb sth.给某人某物；spare sb sth.为某人抽出……,有对话情景判断应用动词give.
3.（XX年江苏卷，31）—i’m still working on my project.
—oh, you’ll miss the deadline. time is ______.
a. running out b. going out c. giving out d. losing out
【解析】a句意：---我仍然在做这个项目。---啊！你肯定不能如期完成了。因为快没时间了。当表示时间用完、耗尽的时候多用run out。 give out 分发，精疲力竭。
4.（XX年山东卷，28）the fact that she never apologized ______ a lot about what kind of person she is.
a. says b. talks c. appears d. declares
【解析】a 句意：她从来不道歉这个事实说明了她是怎样一个人。say 的意思是“说明，表明”，say a lot about 也是一个短语，意思是“说明什么”，符合题意；talk 的意思是“说话，谈话”，不符合句子内容；appear 的意思是“看起来”，不合句意；declare的意思是“宣告，声称”，词义太大，明显不符合句子内容。
5.（XX年江西卷，25） i _____ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.
a. make b. look c. take d. think
【解析】c句意：应当给予原材料供应商公平的价格，我把这一点作为公司的基本原则。句中that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products 是句子的真正宾语，it是形式宾语，as a basic principle of the company为补语。take…as 把….看作，符合句意。make, look 和think 与as 搭配无此含义。
6.（XX年辽宁卷，25）you have to be a fairly good speaker to ______ listeners’ interest for over an hour.
a. hold b. make c. improve d. receive
【解析】a句意：你是一个相当好的演说家，能抓住听众的兴趣达1个多小时。hold one’s interest固定搭配，译为：吸引某人的兴趣。
7.（XX年浙江卷，14.）american indian ______ about five percent of the u.s. population.
a. fill up b. bring up c. make up d. set up
【解析】c句意：美国印第安人大约占美国人口总数的5％.fill up装满，填满；bring up教育，培养，提出； make up占（比例，成分等）；编造，虚构，化妆，补足；set up竖立起来，建立，成立。
8.（XX年湖北卷，27） the present situation is very complex, so i think it will take me some time to ______ its reality.
a. make up b. figure out c. look through d. put off
【解析】b句意：现在的情况非常复杂，因此我想过些时间我才能够弄清楚它的实际情况。make up编造；figure out 弄清楚，弄明白；look through浏览，快速查看；put off推迟。由句意可知b项正确。
9.（XX年天津卷，13） her shoes ______ her dress; they look very well together.
a. suit b. fit c. compare d. match
【解析】d句意：她的鞋和帽子很匹配，搭配的很好。本体考察近义词辨析，suit是只颜色，花样或款式等搭配；fit是大小、尺寸等正合适；compare比较；match 指两个东西相称、匹配。
10.（09海南）6. edward, you play so well. but i___you played the piano.
a. didn’t know b. hadn’t known c. don’t know d. haven’t known
【解析】a。 句意为：爱德华，你打得好。但我不知道你弹钢琴。所谈论的是指过去行为，故用过去式。
11.（09福建）11. we are at your service. don’t_____to turn to us if you have any further problems.
a. beg b. hesitate c. desire d. seek
【解析】b 动词词义辨析。beg：乞求，乞讨，恳求；hesitate：犹豫，踌躇；desire：欲望；愿望；seek：试图，要求。题干意思是：我们为你服务。当你有任何问题时，请毫不犹豫的向我们求助。
12.（09湖北）14. the loss has not yet been ______ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.
a. calculated b. considered c. completed d. controlled
【解析】a. 根据句意可知此处表示“损失（数据）还没统计……”，应选择calculated。considered“考虑”，completed“完成”，controlled“控制”均不符合上下文。
13.（09湖北）15. some parents are just too protective. they want to ______ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
a. spot b. dismiss c. shelter d. distinguish
【解析】c 根据上句some parents are just too protective. 可知下文要说父母们想庇荫孩子们不受到任何伤害。shelter做动词可表示“保护；庇护”。spot“弄脏，认出，发现，定位”，dismiss“开除，使解散”，distinguish“区别”。
14.（09海南）42. encourage your children to try new things, but try not to___them too hard.
a. draw b. strike c. rush d. push
【解析】d。 句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物，但不要把它们太难了。push 推，挤，逼迫；strike v. 打，罢工，划燃rush v. 冲进，匆促行事，催draw v. 拉，拖，挨近，提取，画，绘制。根据句意，应选d。
15.（09湖北）13. during the war there was a serious lack of food. it was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to ______ bread for days.
a. eat up b. give away c. do without d. deal with
【解析】c 动词短语。根据上句during the war there was a serious lack of food可推测出“即或是富裕家庭也得几天吃不上面包”，应选择do without表示“不用/吃……勉强度过”。eat up“吃完”，give away“收拾”，deal with“应付，处理”。
16.（09江西）16. it is reported that the police will soon ____ the case of two missing children.
a. look upon b. look after c. look into d. look out
【解析】c 本题考查动词短语。根据题意可知应选look into “调查”。
17.（09海南）17. i tried phoning her office, but i couldn’t__________.
a. get along b. get on c. get to d. get through
【解析】d。 短语动词，考查考生对词义的判断能力。句意为：我试着给她办公室打电话，但没有打通。get along 进展，相处。get on 上车；get to到达；get through通过。依据句意，选d。
【专题突破】动词和动词短语做题技巧点拨：考生在做动词和动词短语的试题时首先应该清楚所用动词和短语的意思，然后再依据语境、语义、词的搭配排除；也可以从词的搭配着手，有时只从句子的内容来看，几个选项似乎都合适，但只要从词的搭配上一看便知道答案；很多动词与介词或副词连在一起构成固定的搭配从而形成动词短语或短语动词，不能随意更改，要正确把握它们的意思这样就可以突破。
1.—how lovely these children are!
—yeah.they______ memories of my childhood.
a. called out b. called for c. called up d. called on
2. many kids ________ the net bar, and _____had a bad effect on their studies.
a. are addicted to; it b. get engaged in; which
c. are related to; what d. are addicted to; which
3.after studying in a medical college for five years, jane____her job as a doctor
in the countryside.
a.set out b.took over c.took up d.set up
4. though we _________serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
a. give away b. affect with c. suffer from d. deal with
5. the shop assistant was fired as she was _________ of cheating customers.
a.accused b.charged c.blamed d.caught
6. asked suddenly about the matter ,he couldn’t_____an answer at once.
a. come up with b. look for c. put up with d. answer for
7.my daughter is not sure what to_______ at the university; she can’t make up her
mind about her future.
a. take up b. make up c. pick up d. build up
8. his colleagues ______ him though he himself didn’t think he had done anything special.
a. thought highly of b. looked up to
c. sing high praise of d. show great respect for
9. hard work and lack of sleep have _____ her beauty and youth in recent years.
a. worn out b.tried out c made out d.sent out
10. it’s obvious that the beijing olympic games a great seccess.
a.kept b.showed c proved d.remained
参考答案及解析
1.【解析】c call out“出动， 向…叫喊”， call for “需要，要求”， call up“召集， 使想起， 提出， 打电话给”， call on“号召， 呼吁， 约请， 访问”。此句意思是“他们引起了我对童年的回忆。”因此选c。
2.【解析】a be addicted to 意思是“对…上瘾”，符合题意。and 是一个并列连词，后面应该是并列句，而不是从句，因此排除b和d。be related to“与…有关”，不符合题意，因此排除。
3.【解析】c set out“出发， 开始” take over“接收， 接管”take up“从事” set up“设立”根据题意，应选c。
4.【解析】c give away“分发， 放弃， 泄露”， affect“影响”及物动词， suffer from“遭受” ，deal with“处理”。从“ we are sure to overcome all difficulties.”这句话可以推断出前半句的意思应该是“尽管我们遭受着严重的自然灾害”，因此应选c。
5.【解析】a be accused of “被控告” accused与of 搭配，符合题意。 be charged with“被控告”charge 和with 搭配。 blame “责备”。
6.【解析】a come up with“得出答案” look for“寻找” put up with“提出” answer for“负责”根据题意，应该选a.
7.【解析】a 句意：我的女儿在大学里不知道学什么，对自己的未来他心里还没有底。take
up开始学；开始从事。make up组成，构成；编造；pick up拾起；学到；获得；build up逐步建立；增强。
8.【解析】a think highly of 固定搭配，译为“对…评价高”符合题意。show great respect 后应用介词to, c 说法错误，look up to 向上看，不合题意。
9.【解析】a worn out耗尽，筋疲力尽； tried out试验， 考验， 提炼；make out书写， 填写， 拼凑， 进展， 说明， 设法应付， 理解， 辨认出； sent out发出。
10.【解析】c show sb sth 出示某物给某人看；keep保持；prove证明是；符合题意，remain仍然。
【学法导航】动词是高考的一个重点，除了时态和语态外，动词（尤其是常用动词）和动词词组也是高考必考考点，因此大家平时应十分关注动词和动词词组。同时动词和动词短语是英语教学的重点，也是学生学习的难点、易混点，尤其是历年来高考考题的必考点。学生在该题上往往失分，其原因为易混词区分，短语记忆不牢，熟词生义没有掌握，熟悉短语生僻意思没有掌握，由相同的副词和介词组成的短语辨别不开等造成的，为此我建议同学们在复习中要注意：1、记熟常用、高频动词和动词短语意思；2、弄清相近动词和短语意思辨析；3、掌握动词后面相同的副词和介词构成的短语辨析；4.做题要语境、语义、词义结合。
【专题综合】
1. the teacher has a peculiar way of ______her student’s nervousness when then speak english.
a. breaking down b. going over c. taking off d. giving away
2. in the cross-lake swimming race, a boat will be ____in case of an emergency.
a. standing by b. turning on c. getting on d. running on
3. you _____only half the price ,how would the seller sell the jacket to you ?
a. spent b. paid c. charged d. offered
4. he _____the problem _____in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about it.
a. switched; on b. kicked; up c. turned; over d. took; on
5. at times the balance in nature is ______ , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.
a. troubled b. confused c. disturbed d. puzzled
6. — so, how is your new roommate ?
— she really ____. she always making loud noises at midnight and when i remind her , she always makes rude remarks.
a. turns me over b. turns me down c. turns me off d. turns me out
7. people have planted a great many trees in order to ____wind and sand in the desert.
a. hold down b. hold up c. hold back d. hold out
8. — would you like to go to paris with us next year ?
— i’d like to, but my mother ______ that i am too young.
a. is against b. opposes c. objects d. explains
9. there’s no bear left and the pubs are shut so you’ll have to _______.
a. go out b. go off c. go without d. go through
10. the film “world without thieves” ______ a great success and brought in a large profit to the cinema.
a. appreciated b. enjoyed c. won d. seized
11. dressed untidily and speaking in a strange way, father must have ______ to the people present to be a silly old man.
a. appeared b. pretended c. shown d. thought
12. thomas alva edison didn’t “invent” the light bulb, but rather he ______ a 50 –year –old idea, which is not well –known.
a. improved upon b. take down c. put up d. break away
13. you’d better ______ some hot water into the bottle in case the teacools down.
a. add b. fill c. fill in d. put
14. after retirement, mr. smith ______ painting, which he had always loved but had not had time for.
a. took up b. got up c. help up d. looked up
15. she tried hard to keep calm in face of the students, but the sweat on her forehead _____ her ____.
a. gave; away b. tuned; down c. showed; out d. shut; off
参考答案及解析
1.【解析】a 句意：这位老师有一种疏导学生在说英语时产生的紧张情绪的独特方法。 break down :to separate something such as an idea or statement into smaller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with .go over 复习； take off脱下，起飞；give away分发，赠给，泄露（秘密）。
2.【解析】a 句意：有船只严阵以待，预防紧急情况。stand by 为不及物短语：to wait and be ready for action if needed 准备行动；待机；turn on 打开；get on进展；run down撞倒。根据句意，b 、c、d 三项均不符合。
3.【解析】d句意：你仅出半价，店员怎么会把这件夹克卖给你呢？offer: to say that you will pay a particular amount of money to buy something 出价六万英镑买这所房子。 charge(收费)不符合题意。抚讲价（offer）而后才能药费（spend）或支付（pay）帮a、b两项不合常理。
4.【解析】c句意：在采取措施之前，他在脑中将这个问题反复思考了一个星期。turn over :to think about carefully仔细考虑；switch on把开关打开；kick up引起；take on呈现、雇用、承担。
5.【解析】c trouble主要指遇上难解决的问题而使人苦恼、忧虑；puzzled 指人是困惑的，因此将a、d两项排除；根据句意，自然的平衡本身并不是混乱的（confused）,而不受到了人为的干扰（disturbed）,才会导致不可预见的影响。因此选择c项。
6.【解析】c turn sb.over :把……移交，把……交给；turn sb. down:拒绝；turn sb.off :使对（某人）感到厌烦、使不感兴趣；turn sb.out:驱逐，赶走。根据句意“她总是在午夜弄出很大的响声，我提醒她时，她还总是说些粗鲁的话”，由此可知她是使我烦透了，选择c项。
7.【解析】c hold down压制，限制；hold up推迟，耽搁；hold back阻挡，抑制；hold out提供，提出。句意：人们种了大量的树，为了阴挡风和沙尘。由此可知答案为c项。
8【解析】c前三项意思相同，都可以表示“反对（做）、某事”：be against(doing)sth.:oppose(doing) sth.; object to(doing) sth.。但是objiet还可接宾语从句，这时它为及物动词，意思为“提出异议”。前一句邀请对方一起去paris，答话人说他很愿意去，但是妈妈提出异议说他年龄太小。d项explain虽然也可执着that 从句，但是它的含义为“解释”不能明确地说明妈妈的态度是赞成还是反对。
9.【解析】c go out外出，熄灭；go off爆炸，中断；go through通过，完成，经历；go without忍受某事物的缺乏。句意：啤酒卖完了，酒吧也都关门了，所以你只好将就一下了。
10.【解析】b易误选c，win 指赢得了比赛、奖励、胜利等，不可以与a great success 连用。enjoy享有，如：he enjoys a reputation for honesty. 本题中的enjoy a great success 意为 win large sales。句意：《天下无贼》一举成功，同时也给电影院带来了巨大的盈利。
11.【解析】a 句意：父亲衣冠不整，谈吐怪异，在在场者眼中，父亲想必显得是一个傻老人的形象。解题的关键在于是否能将to the people present(present“在场的”，作后置定语修饰the people)准确地分离出来。
12.【解析】a句意：鲜为人知是的，爱迪生并没有发明灯炮，而是在其50年前的发明上改进了电灯泡（把灯丝寿命延长到13.5小时）。improve on/upon超过，改进；take down把……拆卸开；put up张贴，搭建；break away摆脱。
13.【解析】d句意：你最好往瓶子里倒些热水，以免茶变凉。比较下列句子：you’d better put some hot water into the bottle. you’d better add some hot water to the cold water .you’d better fill the bottle with some hot water.
14.【解析】a句意：退休后，史密斯先生开始绘画了，这是他从前喜爱，却又没有时间做的事情。take up: begin to spend time doing开始花时间从事（某项活动）；get up起床，起立；hold up推迟；look up查找、改善。
15.【解析】a 句意：她努力地试图在学生面前保持镇定，但是她前额的汗水使她露了马脚。give away: reveal露出了马脚；turn sb .down 拒绝；show sb.out带某人出去；shut sb.off使隔绝。