下面是小编为大家整理的美国工人迄今为止已损失了总计1.3万亿美元收入，平均每人近8900美元（英文）,供大家参考。
CO VID-19
Business
Index
T oday’ s
pandemic-induced
economic
crisis
is
having
a
devastating
impact
on
people
and
businesses around
the
world.
Due
to the
spread
of
the
coronavirus
in
the
U .S.,
and
government
stay-at-home
orders to flatten the
curve ,
many
employers
are
facing
a
challenging
new
reality
of
doing
business.
SHRM
(Society
for Human
Resource
Management)
and
Oxford
Economics
have
partnered
to help business
and
government
leaders
better
understand
the
impact
of
the
novel
coronavirus
on
the
U.S. workforce
and
business
operations
by
surveying
employers.
The
CO VID-19
Business
Index
is
a
bi-weekly
pulse
of
how
the
pandemic
is
impacting
U.S.
businesses. The
Index
will updated
every
two weeks
through
June
2020
with the
latest
snapshot
of
this
dynamic economic
landscape ,
and
identifying
trends
that
will help
decision
mak ers
as
organizations
manage getting
back
to work.
Featured
in
this
report: Cycle
two data
from fieldwork
conducted
between
4/27/2020
and
5/1/2020 , which
estimates
lost
income
and
trends
in
employment.
T o
receive
the
index,
sign
up
here .
CO VID-19
Business
Index
Snapshot
U .S.
W ork ers
Have
L ost
$1.3
T rillion
in
Income During
CO VID-19
P andemic
of
income
lost is
from
those
who
lost
jobs
of
income
lost
is from
those
still working
is
the
average loss
per
worke r
$1.3
TRILLION
L OS T
IN
U .S.
W ORKER
INCOME
DURING
P ANDEMIC
$1.3
T rillion in annualized
income
has
been
lost
by
work ers
across
the
United
S tates
since
the
CO VID-19 pandemic
started. This
income
loss
includes
employees
that
have
been
laid
off ,
furloughed,
and
experienced
a
reduction
in income .
Figure
1.
$1.3
T rillion in
Income
L ost
Among
U.S.
W ork ers
1.3
TRILLION
DOLLARS
–
PUT
IN
PERSPECTIVE.
•
V alue
of Apple:
$1.3
T rillion •
2019
U .S.
discretionary
spending:
$1.3
T rillion •
U .S.
W orker
L ost
income:
$1.3
T rillion •
Net
W orth of W orld’ s
T op
25
Billionaires:
$1.3
T rillion
631
MILES
(1014.4km)
T wo
and
a
half
times
as
high
as
the
International
Space
S tation
0. 63
MILES
(101km )
Higher
than
the
“worlds
tallest
building”
Space
S tation
248
miles
high
(400km)
Burj
Khalifa
0 .514
miles
high
(0 .827km)
3.3
FEET
(1m )
The
height
of
a
chai r
$1
MILLION
$1
BILLION
1
TRILLION
Sources:
https://www .barrons.com/articles/apple-stock -1-trillion- value-tim-cook-ceo-microsoft-steve-jobs-51577807170; https://www . cbo . gov/system/files/2020-04/56324-CBO-2019-budget-infographic.pdf;
https://www . forbes. com/billionaires/
Job-L oss
Isn ’t
the
Sole
Cause of
L ost
Income
Survey
results
show
13%
of hourly
work ers
and 14%
of salaried
work ers
were
laid
off or furloughed (as
of April
24).
This
represents
about
19
million work ers
nationally ,
roughly
in line
with estimates
from unemployment
application
data.
But
individuals still working
are
experiencing
the
financial
brunt of the
CO VID-19 pandemic
as
well. T wenty
percent
of the
$1.3
trillion
in lost
income
was
due
to earnings reductions
among
those
who
are
still employed.
This
amounts
to a
reduction
in earnings
of roughly
$8,900
per
employed
worker
on
average
(ex cluding the
self-employed).
Among
individuals
who
are
employed,
hourly work ers
(9%)
have
seen
a
reduction
in hours
and wages
while
salaried
employees
(14%)
have
had
a reduction
or deferral
of pay
since
the
CO VID-19 crisis began.
Figure
3
shows
the
industry
breakdowns
for hourly
and
salary
employees.
Figure
2.
Income
L ost
by
Employed
vs
Unemployed
EMPL O YED UNEMPL O YED
Figure
3.
Employed
W ork ers
Experience
Fewer
Hours
and
L ess
P ay
A VERAGE
REDUCTION
IN
HOURS/ WA GES FOR
EMP L O YED
HOUR LY
WORKERS
A VERAGE
SALAR Y
REDUCTION/DEFERRAL FOR
EMP L O YED
SALARIED
WORKERS
A
L ONG
ROAD
T O
RECO VER Y?
The
combination
of high
unemployment
and
reduced
income
for those
still working
will have
long-term
consequences for cities
across
the
country.
Since
the
beginning
of this
crisis
there
has
been
a
sharp
reduction
in the
number
of work ers employed
across
all
metropolitan
areas
in the
United
States,
and
as
forecast
by
the
Oxford
Economics
Cities
Forecasti ng team, recovery
will take
a
long
time.
Oxford
Economics
forecasts
by
the
end
of 2021,
80%
of large
cities
and
90%
of smaller
cities
will still not have
recover ed
the jobs
they
lost
during
the
pandemic.
Figure
4
shows
U.S.
jobs
lost
in a
matter of months
since
the
COVID-19
crisis
bega n, will take
years
to fully recover.
Figure
4.
Slow
R ecovery
Ahead
Across
U.S.
Metros
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
4 0%
30%
20%
1 0%
0%
TOP
50
METROS
O THER
METROS
Metro areas
across
the
U.S.
aren’t
expected
to recover
to pre-pandemic
employment
levels
until mid-2021.
The
metros
expected
to recover
fastest—such
as
Austin,
Raleigh,
and
San
Jose—tend
to have
a
large
share
of employ ment in the
professional
business
services
and
technology
sectors.
Traditional
manufacturing
hubs,
such
as
Detroit
and
Cle veland, aren’t expected
to recover
to pre-pandemic
employment
levels
for many
years
to come.
By
Q4
of 2024,
nearly
four in 10 smaller
metros
are
still not expected
to be
recovered
to pre-pandemic
employment
levels.
U .S.
Metro Areas
at
Pre-P andemic
Employment
L evels
SUR VEY
RESPONDENT S
O VER VIEW
T w i c e
e a c h
m o n t h ,
a
p a n e l
o f
r o u g h l y
1 , 000
H R
p r o fe ss i o n a l s
w i t h i n
t h e
U n i t e d
S t a t e s
a r e
a s ke d
a
r e c u rr i n g
s e r i e s
o f que s t i ons
a bo u t
t h e i r
or ga n i z a t i on a l
r e s pons e
t o
t h e
c ri s i s ,
i n c l u d i ng
c h a nge s
i n
e mp lo y m e n t
a nd
s h i f t i ng
H R
s t r a t e g i e s .
T h i s r e po r t
c ov e r s
t h e
s e c o n d
i t e r a t i o n
o f
t h e
s u r v e y ,
fi e l d e d
b e t w ee n
4 / 2 7 / 2 0 2 0
a n d
5 / 1 / 2 0 2 0 ,
a n d
i n c l u d e s
8 7 5
r e s po n d e n t s .
Northeast
South
Midwest
W est
APPENDIX
Figure
5
below
reviews
the
calculations
behind
our
estimates
of wage
losses
for hourly
and
salaried
workers.
These
w age losses
are
broken
into two parts:
(1)
those
tied
to job
losses,
and
(2)
those
tied
to reduced
compensation
of remaining workers,
both
from reduced
hours
for hourly
workers
and
salary
reductions
or deferrals
for salaried
workers.
Key
economy-wide
estimates
for total employment
and
wages
are
based
on
2019
data
from the
Current
Population
Survey for 142
million non-self-employed
workers,
earning
a
total of $7.4
trillion
in wages.
According
to our
survey
respondents—which,
importantly, are
drawn
from SHRM
members
and
are
not a
representative sample
of all
U.S.
employers—as
of April
24,
their pre-COVID-19
employment
had
been
reduced
by
13%
for hourly
and
14% for salaried
workers,
equivalent
to job
losses
of approximately
19
million workers
when
extrapolating
to the
US
economy
a s a
whole
(again,
excluding
the
self-employed).
This
figure,
which
is
comparable
to,
though
on
the
low
end,
of other
recent estimates
of US
job
losses,
translates
to $1.0 trillion
in lost
wages
for these
workers
on
an
annualized
basis.
In addition
to these
job
losses,
however,
our
survey
respondents
also
reported
a
decline
in hours
worked,
and
conseq uently of wages,
of 9%
for their remaining
hourly
workers;
and
an
average
decrease
or deferral
of 14%
of salary
for 5%
of their salaried
workers,
for an
overall
pay
decrease
or deferral
of 1%
for remaining
salaried
workers.
Together,
these
correspond
to an
annualized
pay
decline
of $260
billion,
in addition
to the
$1.0 trillion
in lost
wages
from workers
laid
off or furloughed .
Figure
5.
Summary
of
P ay
Impact
Calculations
It
is
instructive
to compare
these
results,
showing
a
pay
decline
for employed
work ers
of 4%
on
average ,
to the
household survey
results
in the
April
2020
Current
P opulation
Survey
released
by
the
BLS
on
May 8,
2020 .
According
to the
BLS
tabulations,
which
are
relative
to the
reference
week
of April
12–18,
average
earnings
for employ ed work ers
were
up
5%,
from $978
to $1, 026.
This
seeming
contradiction
is
explained
by
the
fact
that
the
two surveys
me asure different things.
The
BLS
numbers
estimate
the
average
pay
of work ers
employed
in April
with the
average
pay
of those
employed
in Ma rch and
find
a
pay
increase
as
a
result
of the
preferential
layoffs
among
low-paid
workers.
The
OE/SHRM
survey ,
on
the
other hand,
asks
HR
professionals
to estimate
pay
changes
for the
same
group
of work ers
they
(still)
employ .
It
is
important to note that
the
CPS
results
will not understate
the
overall
magnitude
of wage
losses
in the
whole
economy
but will fail to cap ture the dynamics
of wage
losses
for individual
workers.