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自身免疫性溶血性贫血继发纯红细胞再生障碍危象:1例报告及文献复习

时间:2022-10-22 20:15:03 来源:网友投稿

zoޛ)j首报告1例自身免疫性溶血性贫血(autoimmune hemolytic anemia,AIHA)继发纯红细胞再生障碍(pure red cell aplasia,PRCA)危象的病例。方法:对1例AIHA继发PRCA危象患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并复习相关文献。结果:患者,女,59岁,因发热伴一过性白细胞、血小板减少,进行性重度贫血8天就诊。辅助检查:重度贫血,肝功能异常,尿胆原(+),血红蛋白尿,乳酸脱氢酶增高,骨穿示红系造血停滞。临床诊断为AIHA继发PRCA危象,病毒感染,肝功能异常。予泼尼松+静脉丙球(IVIG)、输红细胞悬液等 治疗。病程3周时脱离输血,肝功能好转。结论:AIHA继发PRCA危象少见且严重。及时去除诱因,予糖皮质激素+IVIG+红细胞悬液输注支持治疗可获痊愈。

关键词 自身免疫性溶血性贫血 纯紅细胞再生障碍危象 肝功能异常

中图分类号:R556.5; R556.62 文献标识码:C 文章编号:1006-1533(2018)01-0051-06

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia secondary to pure red cell aplasia crisis: one case report and literatures review*

WANG Ye1**, CHEN Qinfen2***(1. Department of General Practice, Jinyang Community Health Service Center of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200136, China; 2. Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To report one case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) secondary to pure red cell aplasia(PRAC) crisis. Methods: The clinical data from the patient who experienced AIHA secondary to PRCA crisis was retrospectively analyzed and the related literatures were reviewed. Results: A 59-year-old female visited doctor for the complaint about fever with transient neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and progressive development to severe anemia for 8 days. In the course of the disease she had abnormal liver function, increase of urobilinogen, hemoglobinuria and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and bone marrow aspiration showed erythroid stasis. She was diagnosed as viral infection, AIHA secondary to PRCA crisis, liver function abnormality, and then treated with prednisone, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), red cell suspension transfusion and supportive treatment. She had no need for transfusion after 3 weeks treatment. Conclusion: We speculate that the AIHA secondary to PRCA crisis is a rare but serious condition by reviewing the related literatures. Treatment with glucocorticoid, IVIG and transfusions may help to recovery.

KEY WORDS autoimmune hemolytic anemia; pure red cell aplasia crisis; abnormal liver function

自身免疫性溶血性贫血(autoimmune hemolytic anemia,AIHA)是由于机体免疫功能紊乱、产生自身抗体、导致红细胞破坏加速(溶血)超过骨髓代偿时发生的贫血[1]。纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血(pure red cell aplasia,PRCA)是一种以正细胞正色素贫血、网织红细胞减低和骨髓幼红细胞显著减少或缺如为特征的综合征,包括先天性PRCA(Diamond-Blackfan 贫血,DBA)和获得性PRCA,获得性者又可分为原发性和继发性,或者急性自限型和慢性型[2-3]。在AIHA的基础上发生红细胞生长突然终止,称为PRCA危象[4],临床较少见。现对1例AIHA继发PRCA危象患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并结合相关文献进行复习,以提高对这种少见情况的认识。

1 病例资料

患者,女性,59岁,因发热伴一过性白细胞、血小板减少,进行性发展至重度贫血8 d,于2015年4月7日来复旦大学附属华山医院血液科门诊就诊。患者自诉3月31日起无明显诱因出现发热,至外院查血常规:白细胞(WBC) 2.5×109/L,中性粒细胞(N) 41%,淋巴细胞(L) 38%,单核细胞(M) 20%,红细胞(RBC)2.5×1012/L,血红蛋白(Hb) 77 g/L,血小板(PLT)74×109/L。尿常规:尿胆原(+),隐血(+++),蛋白(+),RBC 0/HP,WBC 8/HP。肝功能:丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)127 U/L,天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST) 233 U/L,总胆红素36.4 mmol/L,非结合胆红素26.9 mmol/L,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)>2 150 U/L,肝炎病毒(—),肾功能、凝血功能、电解质、B型尿钠肽、C-反应蛋白(CRP)正常,心电图、腹部B超(肝脾胆胰双肾)、腹部CT未见明显异常。胸部CT示两肺下叶胸膜下慢性炎症。即予抗感染、保肝治疗。6 h后复查血常规:WBC 1.9×109/L,N 34%,L 49%,M 16%,RBC 2.1×1012/L,Hb 67 g/L,PLT 74×109/L。予输红细胞悬液2 U,输血过程出现发热反应,予以地塞米松5 mg静脉推注后缓解。4月1日至3日继续抗感染及保肝治疗,输红细胞悬液共5 U。4月4日复查血常规,WBC和PLT正常,RBC 1.99×1012/L,Hb 61 g/L,予输红细胞悬液2 U×2 d,4月6日复查血常规:WBC和PLT正常,RBC 2.18×1012/L,Hb 66 g/L。尿常规:隐血(+++),余(—)。未输血。