21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载1点击此处下载☞☞☞21世纪研究生英语综合教程（郭继荣著）课后答案☜☜☜21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载2 《英语综合教程》是根据《高等下面是小编为大家整理的2023年度21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载60篇（完整文档）,供大家参考。
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载1
点击此处下载☞☞☞21世纪研究生英语综合教程（郭继荣著）课后答案☜☜☜
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载2
《英语综合教程》是根据《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》编写，致力于培养学生具有扎实的语言基本功、宽广的知识面、一定的相关专业知识、较强的能力和较高的人文素质。本套教材为基础英语课程教材，共四册，可供高等院校英语专业一二年级学生使用。本册为第一册，适用于一年级第一学期。
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载3
本册教材共分12个单元，每个单元由Text A和Text B两篇课文、辅学资料及相关的练习构成。全书24篇课文均选自英语原文文本，根据学生现阶段的语言能力和水*，编者仅?其中语言难度过大的部分进行了必要的删改。
本册教材的选题旨在帮助学生树立正直的`人生态度。注意由浅入深、难易结合。全书24篇课文分别涉及家庭亲情、生活准则、道德伦常、民生关爱、文化教育、哲学宗教、古典艺术等多个主题，在夯实学生语言基本功，拓展其知识面的同时，提高英语专业学生的人文素养，健康、向上，具有代表性。课文收录了有关乔达摩·悉达多、苏格拉底和米开朗基罗等历史巨人的生*，旨在为学生树立高尚、坚韧的人生楷模，则有助于唤起学生对正义、良知的深入思索。
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载60篇扩展阅读
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载60篇（扩展1）
——21世纪大学英语综合教程第三册课后答案下载60篇
21世纪大学英语综合教程第三册课后答案下载1
第1版 (2010年8月1日)
丛书名: 普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
正文语种: 英语, 简体中文
开本: 16
ISBN: 7309042697
条形码: 9787309042696
尺寸: 24 x 17.4 x 1.6 cm
重量: 440 g
21世纪大学英语综合教程第三册课后答案下载2
翟象俊，1962年毕业于复旦大学外文系英美语言文学专业，1966年在复旦大学研究生毕业。曾任复旦大学英语部主任兼外文系副主任、教授、硕士生导师。享受*特殊津贴。现为上海市翻译家协会副会长。曾参与《英汉大词典》、《英汉双解英语短语动词词典》的编写。主编《大学英语》(精读)(获国家优秀教材特等奖)及“九五”国家重点教材《21世纪大学英语》(获国家优秀教材二等奖);译著有《乱世佳人》、《钱商》和《阿马罗神父的罪恶》及英、美作家海明威、霍桑、贝克特等人的中短篇小说多种。
余建中，复旦大学外文学院教授。现任教育部大学外语教学指导委员会委员、全国大学外语教学研究会副会长。代表译著和主编的教材有：《朗文英汉双解英语成语词典》(主译)，《21世纪大学英语》(主要编者、部分分册主编)，《大学英语综合教程》(全新版)(主编之一)，《新世纪文科英语教程》(主编)等。曾获上海市育才奖、宝钢教育奖等。
陈永捷，上海交通大学教授、博士生导师。现任上海市大学英语教学研究会理事长、教育部高等学校大学外语教学指导委员会委员、全国职业教育学会高职英语教学委员会委员，曾任上海交通大学外国语学院副院长、全国大学外语教学研究会副会长。主编普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材《实用英语综合教程》系列教材、《21世纪大学英语视听说》(第四册)、《新视野大学英语》(读写第四级)，为《大学核心英语》(修订版)、《21世纪大学英语》、《新视野大学英语》主要编者之一。曾获得国家和上海市优秀教学成果奖、省部级优秀教材奖多项和宝钢教育奖等。
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载60篇（扩展2）
——21世纪大学英语综合教程第一至四册(翟象俊著)课后答案下载60篇
21世纪大学英语综合教程第一至四册(翟象俊著)课后答案下载1
《21世纪大学实用英语》系列教材根据《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》以及我国高职高专人才培养特点和教学改革的成果编写而成，突出教学内容的实用性和针对性，将语言基础能力的培养与实际涉外交际能力的.训练有机地结合起来，以满足21世纪全球化社会经济发展对高职高专人才的要求。本套教材包括《综合教程》、《综合练习》、《教学参考书》(每一种分为基础教程和1-4册)及配套的音带、多媒体课件、电子教案等。本套教材供高职高专院校普通英语教学使用。
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载60篇（扩展3）
——21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载 (菁选3篇)
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载1
点击此处下载☞☞☞21世纪研究生英语综合教程（郭继荣著）课后答案☜☜☜
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载2
《英语综合教程》是根据《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》编写，致力于培养学生具有扎实的语言基本功、宽广的知识面、一定的相关专业知识、较强的能力和较高的人文素质。本套教材为基础英语课程教材，共四册，可供高等院校英语专业一二年级学生使用。本册为第一册，适用于一年级第一学期。
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载3
本册教材共分12个单元，每个单元由Text A和Text B两篇课文、辅学资料及相关的练习构成。全书24篇课文均选自英语原文文本，根据学生现阶段的语言能力和水*，编者仅?其中语言难度过大的部分进行了必要的删改。
本册教材的选题旨在帮助学生树立正直的`人生态度。注意由浅入深、难易结合。全书24篇课文分别涉及家庭亲情、生活准则、道德伦常、民生关爱、文化教育、哲学宗教、古典艺术等多个主题，在夯实学生语言基本功，拓展其知识面的同时，提高英语专业学生的人文素养，健康、向上，具有代表性。课文收录了有关乔达摩·悉达多、苏格拉底和米开朗基罗等历史巨人的生*，旨在为学生树立高尚、坚韧的人生楷模，则有助于唤起学生对正义、良知的深入思索。
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载60篇（扩展4）
——21世纪大学生英语综合教程第四册课后答案60篇
21世纪大学生英语综合教程第四册课后答案1
21世纪大学生实用英语综合教程第四册课后答案.rar
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载60篇（扩展5）
——21世纪大学英语综合教程第三册第5单元课后答案下载60篇
21世纪大学英语综合教程第三册第5单元课后答案下载1
点击此处下载☞☞☞21世纪大学实用英语综合教程第三册第5单元课后答案☜☜☜
21世纪大学英语综合教程第三册第5单元课后答案下载2
《21世纪大学实用英语》系列教材根据《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》以及我国高职高专人才培养特点和教学改革的成果编写而成，突出教学内容的`实用性和针对性，将语言基础能力的培养与实际涉外交际能力的训练有机地结合起来，以满足21世纪全球化社会经济发展对高职高专人才的要求。本套教材包括《综合教程》、《综合练习》、《教学参考书》(每一种分为基础教程和1-4册)及配套的音带、多媒体课件、电子教案等。本套教材供高职高专院校普通英语教学使用。
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载60篇（扩展6）
——21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册课程6内容详解60篇
21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册课程6内容详解1
Leonid Fridman
There is something very wrong with the system of values in a society that has only unkind terms like nerd and geek for the intellectually curious and academically serious.
We all know what a nerd is: someone who wears thick glasses and ugly clothes; someone who knows all the answers to the chemistry or math homework but can never get a date on a Saturday night. And a geek, according to "Webster"s New World Dictionary," is a street performer who shocks the public by biting off heads of live chickens. It is a revealing fact about our language and our culture that someone dedicated to pursuit of knowledge is compared to such a freak.
Even at a prestigious educational institution like Harvard, anti-intellectualism is widespread: Many students are ashamed to admit, even to their friends, how much they study.
Although most students try to keep up their grades, there is but a small group of undergraduates for whom pursuing knowledge is the most important thing during their years at Harvard. Nerds are looked down upon while athletes are made heroes of.
The same thing happens in U.S. elementary and high schools. Children who prefer to read books rather than play football, prefer to build model airplanes rather than idle away their time at parties with their classmates, become social outcasts. Because of their intelligence and refusal to conform to society"s anti-intellectual values, many are deprived of a chance to learn adequate social skills and acquire good communication tools.
Enough is enough.
Nerds and geeks must stop being ashamed of what they are. Those who don"t study hard must stop teasing those who do, the bright kids with thick glasses. The anti-intellectual values that have spread throughout American society must be fought.
There are very few countries in the world where anti-intellectualism runs as high in popular culture as it does in the U.S.. In most industrialized nations, not least of all our economic rivals in East Asia, a kid who studies hard is praised and held up as an example to other students.
In many parts of the world, university professorships are the most prestigious and materially rewarding positions. But not in America, where average professional ballplayers are much more respected and better paid than professors of the best universities.
How can a country where typical parents are ashamed of their daughter studying mathematics instead of going dancing, or of their son reading Weber while his friends play baseball be expected to compete in the technology race with Japan? How long can America remain a world-class power if we constantly put social skills and physical strength over academic achievement and intellectual ability?
Do we really expect to stay afloat largely by importing our scientists and intellectuals from abroad, as we have done for a major portion of this century without making an effort to also cultivate a pro-intellectual culture at home? Even if we have the political will to spend a lot more money on education than we do now, do we think we can improve our schools if we laugh at our hardworking pupils and fail to respect their impoverished teachers?
Our fault lies not so much with our economy or with our politics as within ourselves, our values and our image of a good life. America"s culture has not adapted to the demands of our times, to the economic realities that demand a highly educated workforce and innovative intelligent leadership.
If we are to succeed as a society in the 21 st century, we had better do away with our anti-intellectualism and teach our children that a good life depends on exercising one"s mind and pursuing knowledge to the full extent of one"s abilities.
Not until the words "nerd" and "geek" become terms of praise rather than insults do we stand a chance.
21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册课程6内容详解2
Listen to the tape again. Then, choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1. The main purpose of this listening passage is to_________.
A) argue against higher salaries for athletes
B) offer solutions to current economic problems
C) complain about the lack of respect for intellectuals
D) describe changes in the English language
2. What is the meaning of the words "nerd" and "geek"?
A) They are insulting terms which are applied to smart students.
B) They are used in the U.S. to describe students from other countries.
C) A nerd is a good student and a geek is a poor student.
D) A nerd is a poor student and a geek is a good student.
3. The passage says that in nations other than the U.S.,_________.
A) hardworking students are praised
B) professors are paid better salaries
C) more respect is given to intellectuals
D) all of the above
4. The passage suggests that the words "nerd" and "geek" should_________.
A) be made illegal
B) become words of praise, rather than insults
C) be used to describe athletes instead of students
D) all of the above
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载60篇（扩展7）
——21世纪房屋租赁合同60篇
21世纪房屋租赁合同1
出租方：（以下简称甲方）
承租方：(以下简称乙方）
为明确出租方与承租方的权利义务关系，经双方协商一致，签订本合同。
第一条：房屋情况
房屋坐落于哈尔滨市___________________________________________________。
第二条：租赁期限
租赁期共个月，出租方从___年月_日起将出租房屋交付承租方使用，至__年月_日收回。
第三条：租金及抵押金的交纳方式
每月租金为_____________，承租方第一次付_______个月，租金合计____________，第二次付款应在前次租期满前一个月_________年________月_______日支付.
承租方缴纳_____________元抵押金，用于房屋内水，电，煤气等生活费用及家具家电等设施的抵押，承租方负担承租期间产生的所有费用，房屋租赁到期后，如无拖欠费用，抵押金返还，承租期间如果损坏室内设施或家具家电，赔偿金从抵押金扣除，抵押金不够赔偿的超出部分需要承租方承担，承租方在合同规定的承租期限内主动终止合同，应提前30日通知出租房，否则，出租方不予退还剩余租金和押金。
第四条：违约责任
承租人有下列情形之一的，出租人可以终止合同、收回房屋，押金不予退还：
1.承租人擅自将房屋转租、转让或转借的；
2.承租人利用承租房屋进行非法活动，损害公共利益的；
3.承租方逾期交付租金的，除仍应及时如数缴纳外，应支付租金总额百分之一的违约金。
4.承租方违反合同，擅自将承租房屋转给他人使用的，应支付年租金总额百分之五十的违约金；如因此造成承租房屋毁坏的，还应负责赔偿。
第五条：其他约定事项
1.承租方租赁期满后不再租赁此房屋的，应提前30天告知出租方；
2.水电费、有线电视费、煤气费，卫生费，物业费等生活费用均由承租方负担并出具最后两次缴费单据给出租方查验，如缴费单据丢失，从押金中扣除500元作为欠费保障，出租方承担包烧费，
3.承租方在租赁期间不得擅自在室内外进行房屋格局改动，如发生结构变动，造成门窗。
4.承租方在承租期间使用水，电，煤气等设施时，由于操作不当导致其人身或邻居受到伤害的，其法律责任及经济损失由承租方完全承担，并赔偿由此给出租方造成的一切损失。
5.房屋内设施:______________________________________________________
第六条：免责条件
房屋如因不可抗力的原因导致毁损和造成承租方损失的，双方互不承担责任。
第七条：争议的解决方式
本合同在履行中如发生争议，双方应协商解决；协商不成时，任何一方均可向工商局经济合同仲裁委员会申请调解或仲裁，也可以向人民法院起诉。
第八条：本合同未尽事宜，一律按《中华人民共和国经济合同法》的"有关规定，经合同双方共同协商，作出补充规定，补充规定与本合同具有同等效力。
第九条：本合同正本壹式贰份，出租方、承租方各执壹份；
甲方(公章)：_________乙方(公章)：_________
法定代表人(签字)：_________法定代表人(签字)：_________
_________年____月____日_________年____月____日
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载60篇（扩展8）
——21世纪大学英语Unit3读写教程60篇
21世纪大学英语Unit3读写教程1
Have you ever paid tributes to your mother? Have you ever expressed your emotions on the theme of mothers? Here industrialist Ross Perot and Professor Michael DeBakey are eager to salute their own mothers.
Mothers
An old Jewish proverb says, "God could not be everywhere, and therefore he made mothers."
Ann Taylor expressed her emotions on the theme of mothers with the following:
Who ran to help me when I fell,
And would some pretty story tell,
Or kiss the place to make it well?
My mother.
On account of the many tributes paid to mothers from the time of Eve, one might think the subject exhausted. But not so. Here, Industrialist Ross Perot and Professor Michael E. DeBakey are ready, indeed eager, to salute their own cherished mothers.
My mother was an angel.
Our family lived six blocks from the railroad tracks. During the Depression, the freight trains were filled with hoboes wandering from town to town looking for work. Every day they would come by our house asking for food. My kind mother would always share our food with them.
These people were poor and desperate, but we had absolutely no fear of them. When they knocked and asked for food, there was no concern that they might break in and steal things.
One day, a hobo said, "Lady, don"t you have a lot of people stopping by here?"
My mother said, "Yes, we do."
"Do you know why?" he asked.
She replied, "Not really."
Then he took her out to the street and showed her a mark on our curb. He said, "Lady, this mark on your curb says that you will feed people. That"s why you get so many visitors."
After the man left, I turned to my mother and said, "Do you want me to wash that mark off the curb?"
She replied with words that I will remember for the rest of my life. "No, Son, leave it there. These are good people. They are just like us, but they"re down on their luck. We should help them."
Ross Perot
Industrialist
My mother"s birthday, Christmas, is symbolic of her human warmth, her giving nature, her noble character, and her high Christian values. She and my father instilled those values in all their children from the earliest age, and she lived to make life better not only for her family, but for everyone she knew, particularly those less fortunate than she.
I recall vividly one incident in my childhood that had a lasting impact on me. Every Sunday after dinner, my parents would pack food, clothing, and books in our car and would drive, with their children, to an orphanage just outside our hometown. One Sunday I saw my mother packing a favorite cap of mine, and I protested. She calmly explained that I had several other caps and could easily get new ones, whereas the orphan who would receive this cap had none at all. She assured me that I would derive a special feeling of happiness when I saw the smile on the boy"s face as he put the cap on his head. That lesson made a deep impression on me, and the truth of her words has certainly stood the test of time as other incidents in my life have validated her words. I consider the wonderful parents that God gave me my greatest blessing, for they both believed it was always more blessed to give than to receive.
Michael E. DeBakey, M.D.
Professor
(545 words)
21世纪大学英语Unit3读写教程2
Jewish
a. of the Jews 犹太人的
proverb
n. 谚语，语言
emotion
n. strong feeling of any kind 激情;情感
theme
n. the main subject or idea of a talk, book, movie, etc. (谈话、书、电影等的)题目，主题
following
a. 下列的，下述的
account
n. 理由，根据;账目
* tribute
n. a gift, speech of praise, etc., given as an expression of gratitude toward another(表示敬意的)礼物;颂词，称赞
exhaust
vt. 1. use up 用尽，耗尽
2. talk about, write about or study a subject fully 详尽论述(某事物)
industrialist
n. a person engaged in the management of industry 工业家;实业家
eager
a. full of interest or desire; keen 热切的;渴望的;热心的
* salute
vt. honor or acknowledge with praise 颂扬
* cherish
vt. be fond of (sb./sth.); love 珍爱(某人/某事物);爱
railroad
n. (AmE) railway (美)铁路
freight
n. goods transported by ships, aeroplanes, or trains (水运、空运、陆运的)货物
hobo
n. (esp. AmE) an unemployed worker wandering from place to place (尤美)流动的失业工人;失业游民
wander
vi. move about without any special purpose or direction 游荡;闲逛;流浪
desperate
a. wild or dangerous because of despair (因绝望而)不顾一切的，拼命的
absolutely
ad. completely; beyond any doubt 完全地;绝对地
concern
n. worry; anxiety 担心;焦虑
* curb
n. (由路缘石砌成的`街道或人行道的)路缘
symbolic
a. 象征的，象征性的
warmth
n. the state or quality of being warm 热情;温暖
character
n. mental or moral qualities that make a person, group, nation, etc., different from others (个人、集体、民族等特有的)品质，特性
Christian
a. 基督教的;基督教徒的
instill
vt. put (ideas, feelings, etc.) gradually but firmly into sb"s mind by a continuous effort 逐渐灌输
particularly
ad. especially 特别，尤其
fortunate
a. lucky 幸运的
recall
vt. remember; bring (sth.) back to mind 记得;回想起
vividly
ad. in a lively manner 清晰地;生动地
incident
n. event or happening, often of little importance 事情，发生的事;小事
childhood
n. the condition or time of being a child 童年;幼年时代
lasting
a. continuing for a long time 持久的
impact
n. strong effect or influence on sb./sth. 影响;作用
pack
vt. put (items) into a container 把东西装进(箱子、盒子等)
orphanage
n. a place or institution for the housing and care of orphans 孤儿院
hometown
n. the town where one was born and lived while they were young 故乡，家乡
favorite
a. best liked 最喜欢的
protest
v. express strong disagreement or disapproval about (sth) *;对…提出异议
calmly
ad. *静地;镇定地
whereas
conj.compared with the fact that; while 然而，但是;而
orphan
n. a child whose parents are dead 孤儿
assure
vt. promise or tell sth. to (sb.) confidently or firmly 向…保证
derive
vt. get or obtain 取得，得到
happiness
n. 愉快，快乐，高兴
impression
n. an effect produced (esp. on the mind or feelings) 印象
validate
vt. 1. make (sth.) logical or justifiable 证实;确证
2. make (sth.) legally effective 使(某事物)具有法律效力
blessing
n. God"s favour and protection (上帝的)赐福，保佑
Phrases and Expressions
on account of
because of 因为，由于
pay (a) tribute to sb./sth.
express one"s admiration or respect for sb./sth. 对(某事物)表示赞赏或敬意
look for
search for or try to find (sb./sth.) 寻找;寻求
come by
visit a person or place for a short time, often when one is going somewhere else; get, obtain 访问，看望;得到，获得
ask for
expect or demand (sth.) 要;要求
share with
have a share of (sth.) with another or others 与别人分享(某物)
break in
get into a building by using force, usu. in order to steal sth. 强行闯入屋内，破门而入
stop by
pay a short visit to a person or place, usu. when one in going somewhere else (顺便)过访
wash sth. off
remove sth. from the surface of a material, etc., by washing 把某物冲洗掉
be down on one"s luck
have bad luck, esp. in money * 不走运;穷困潦倒
at all
(used with negatives or questions) in any way or of any type [用于否定句或疑问句]丝毫，一点;根本
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载60篇（扩展9）
——21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册第2单元内容详解60篇
21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册第2单元内容详解1
First Listening
Before listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following blanks to prepare yourself to listen for the figures.
1. As you listen to the passage the first time, fill these blanks with the words you hear:
Asians and Asian Americans make up only _____ of the US population, but they come up to ____ of the undergraduates at Harvard, _____ at MIT, ______ at Yale and _____ at Berkeley.
Second Listening
Read the following words first to prepare yourself to answer them to the best of your ability.
Talent effort money concentration ambition intelligence pressure sacrifice discrimination tradition
2. Why are these statistics "amazing"? And what do you think the explanation is?
21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册第2单元内容详解2
Fox Butterfield
Kim-Chi Trinh was just nine when her father used his savings to buy a passage for her on a fishing boat that would carry her from Vietnam. It was a heartbreaking and costly sacrifice for the family, placing Kim-Chi on the small boat, among strangers, in hopes that she would eventually reach the United States, where she would get a good education and enjoy a better life.
It was a hard journey for the little girl, and full of risks. Long before the boat reached safety, the supplies of food and water ran out. When Kim-Chi finally made it to the US, she had to cope with a succession of three foster families. But when she graduated from San Diego"s Patrick Henry High School in 1988, she had straight A"s and scholarship offers from some of the most prestigious universities in the country.
"I have to do well," says the 19-year-old, now a second-year student at Cornell University. "I owe it to my parents in Vietnam."
Kim-Chi is part of a wave of bright, highly - motivated Asian - Americans who are suddenly surging into our best colleges. Although Asian - Americans make up only 2.4 percent of the nation"s population, they constitute 17.1 percent of the undergraduates at Harvard, 18 percent at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and 27.3 percent at the University of California at Berkeley.
Why are Asian - Americans doing so well? Are they grinds, as some stereotypes suggest? Do they have higher IQs? Or can we learn a lesson from them about values we have long treasured but may have misplaced — like hard work, the family and education?
Not all Asians are doing equally well; poorly - educated Cambodian refugee children, for instance, often need special help. And many Asian - Americans resent being labeled a "model minority," feeling that this is reverse discrimination by white Americans — a contrast to the laws that excluded most Asian immigrants from the US until 1965, but prejudice nevertheless.
The young Asians" achievements have led to a series of fascinating studies. Perhaps the most disturbing results come from the research carried out by a University of Michigan psychologist, Harold W. Stevenson, who has compared more than 7,000 students in kindergarten, first grade, third grade and fifth grade in Chicago and Minneapolis with counterparts in Beijing, Taipei and Sendai. On a battery of math tests, the Americans did worst at all grade levels.
Stevenson found no differences in IQ. But if the differences in performance are showing up in kindergarten, it suggests something is happening in the family, even before the children get to school.
It is here that various researchers" different studies converge: Asian parents are motivating their children better. "The bottom line is, Asian kids work hard," Stevenson says.
The real question, then, is how Asian parents imbue their offspring with this kind of motivation. Stevenson"s study suggests a critical answer. When asked why they think their children do well, most Asian parents said "hard work." By contrast, American parents said "talent."
"From what I can see," criticizes Stevenson, "we"ve lost our faith in the idea that we can all get ahead in life through hard work. Instead, Americans now believe that some kids have what it takes and some don"t. So we start dividing up classes into‘fast learners’and‘slow learners’, whereas the Chinese and Japanese feel all children can succeed in the same curriculum."
This belief in hard work is the first of three main factors contributing to Asian students" outstanding performance. It springs from Asians" common heritage of Confucianism, the philosophy of the 5th-century-BC Chinese sage whose teachings have had a profound influence on Chinese society. One of Confucius"s primary teachings is that through effort, people can perfect themselves.
Confucianism provides another important ingredient in the Asians" success as well. In Confucian philosophy, the family plays a central role — an orientation that leads people to work for the honor of the family, not just for themselves. One can never repay one"s parents, and there"s a sense of obligation or even guilt that is as strong a force among Asians as Protestant philosophy is in the West.
There"s yet another major factor in this bond between Asian parents and their children. During the 15 years I lived in China, Japan, and Vietnam, I noticed that Asian parents establish a closer physical tie to their infants than most parents in the United States. When I let my baby daughter crawl on the floor, for example, my Chinese friends were horrified and rushed to pick her up. We think this constant attention is old-fashioned or even unhealthy, but for Asians, it"s highly effective.
Can we learn anything from the Asians? "I"m not naive enough to think everything in Asia can be transplanted," says Stevenson. But he offered three recommendations.
"To start with," he says, "we need to set higher standards for our kids. We wouldn"t expect them to become professional athletes without practicing hard."
Second, American parents need to become more committed to their children"s education, he declares. "Being understanding when a child doesn"t do well isn"t enough." Stevenson found that Asian parents spend more time helping their children with homework or writing to their teachers than American parents do.
And, third, our schools could be reorganized in simple but effective ways, says Stevenson. Nearly 90 percent of Chinese youngsters say they actually enjoy school, and 60 percent can"t wait for school vacations to end. This is a vastly more positive attitude than youngsters in The US express. One reason may be that students in China and Japan typically have a break after each class, helping them to relax and to increase their attention spans.
"I don"t think Asians are any smarter," says Don Lee, an Asian-American student at Berkeley. "There are brilliant Americans in my chemistry class. But the Asian students work harder. I see a lot of wasted potential among the Americans."
21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册第2单元内容详解3
excel
v. (at) be the beat or better others (at sth.) 胜过他人
savings
n. money saved, esp. in a bank 积蓄;存款
heartbreaking
a. which causes great sorrow 令人悲痛的，令人心碎的
costly
a. expensive, costing a lot of money 代价高昂的;昂贵的
sacrifice
n. loss or giving up of sth. of value, esp. for what is believed to be a good purpose 牺牲
vt. 牺牲
risk
n. (of) a danger;sth. that might have undesirable results 危险;风险
vt. place in a dangerous situation 使遭受危险;冒…的风险
cope
vi. (with) deal successfully (with a difficult situation) (妥善地)应付或处理
succession
n. a series or the act of following one after the other (前后相接的)一系列，一连串;连续
successive
a. following each other closely 接连的，连续的，相继的
*foster
a. *的;寄养的
vt. 收养;照料
scholarship
n. 1. 奖学金
2. 学识;学术成就
owe
vt. (to) 1. have sth. (usually sth. good) because of 把…归功于
2. have to pay, for sth. already done or given 欠
owing
a. (to) still to be paid 未付的，欠着的
motivate
vt. (often pass.) 1. provide (sb.) with a (strong) need, purpose or reason for doing sth. [常被动] 激发…的积极性
2. 使有动机
*surge
vi. move, esp. forward, in or like powerful waves (如浪潮般) 汹涌;奔腾
n. (感情等的)洋溢或奔放
constitute
vt. 1. form or make up 形成;构成
2. formally establish or appoint 组建;选派
constitution
n. 1. the act of establishing, making, or setting up;constituting 制定;设立;组成
2. (often cap.) [常大写] 宪法;法规;章程
*constitutional
a. allowed or limited by a political constitution 宪法规定的;合乎宪法的
grind
n. (AmE, often derog.) a student who is always working (美)[常贬义]用功的学生，书呆子
vt. 磨;磨碎
*stereotype
n. a fixed pattern which is believed to represent a type of person or event 固定形式，老套
misplace
vt. 1. lose (sth.),usu. for only a limited time (暂时)丢弃
2. put in an unsuitable or wrong place 把…放错地方
refugee
n. sb. who has been forced to leave their country for political reason or during a war 难民;流亡者
*resent
vt. feel anger and dislike about sth. 对…表示愤恨
label
vt. 1. describe as belonging to a particular kind or class 把…称为;把…列为
2. 加标签于;用标签标明
n. 标签
minority
n. 1. a small part of a population which is different from others in race, religion, etc. 少数民族;少数派
2. the small number or part;less than half 少数
minor
a. 较少的，较小的
*discrimination
n. 1. the practice of unfairly treating sb. or sth. 区别对待;歧视
2. the ability to recognize the difference between two things 识别力;辨别力
reverse discrimination
the making of distinctions in favour of groups considered disadvantaged or underprivileged 逆向歧视，反其道而行之的歧视
*discriminate
v. 1. (against, in favor of) unfairly treat one person or group worse or better than others 有差别地对待
2. see or make a difference between things or people 区别，辨别，区分
contrast
n. (to, with) a strong difference between two people, objects or situations 对比;对照
v. examine (two things) in order to find or show differences 对比;对照
exclude
vt. keep out from a place or an activity 阻止…进入;把…排斥在外
exclusion
n. the act of excluding or fact of being excluded 拒绝;排斥
exclusive
a. (of) not taking into account;without;excluding 不算;不包括;把…排斥在外
exclusively
ad. only;and nothing/no one else 排斥其他地;专有地;单独地
immigrant
n. a person who has come to live in a country from abroad 移民;侨民
prejudice
n. unfair and usually unfavorable feeling or opinion about a group—e.g.a nationality or race 歧视;偏见;成见
series
n. 1. (of) a set or group of things of the same kind or related in some way, coming one after another or in order 系列;连接
2. 丛书;广播(或电视)系列节目
fascinating
a. having great attraction or charm 吸引人的.;迷人的
*fascinate
vt. (with) charm powerfully;be very interesting to 强烈地吸引;迷住
disturbing
a. causing worry or fright 令人不安的;令人烦恼的
disturb
vt. 1. break the peace or order of 扰乱;打扰
2. cause to become anxious or upset 使心神不安;使烦恼
*disturbance
n. 1. an act of disturbing or the state of being disturbed 打扰;扰乱
2. sth. that disturbs 造成干扰的事物
kindergarten
n. a school or class for young children, usu. between the ages of four and six 幼儿园
*counterpart
n. a person or thing that has the same purpose or does the same job as another in a different system 对应的人(或物);对手(方)
battery
n. 1. (of) a set or number of things of the same kind occurring in rapid succession 一组;一系列
2. 电池(组)
*converge
vi. (of two or more things) come together towards the same point (在一点上)会合;集中
the bottom line
the basic point 基本要点
imbue
v. (with)(usu. pass.) to fill with (sth., often a strong feeling or opinion) [常被动]灌输(某种强烈的情感或意见)
*offspring
n. a child or children from particular parents 子女;后代
critical
a. 1. providing a careful judgment of the good and bad qualities of sth. 判断(或评价)审慎的
2. 批判的
3. 关键的
criticize (-cise)
v. 1. make judgments about the good or bad points of 评论
2. judge with disapproval;point out the faults of 批评;指责
criticism
n. unfavorable judgment or expression of disapproval 批评;指责
curriculum
n. the program of study offered in a school, college, etc. 课程，大纲
factor
n. any of the facts, conditions, influences, etc. that act with others to bring about a result 因素，要素
outstanding
a. 1. better than others, very good 杰出的;优秀的
2. easily seen, important 显要的;重要的
*heritage
n. a tradition, custom, or quality which is passed down over many years within a family, social group, or nation and which is thought of as belonging to all its members 继承物，遗产;传统
philosophy
n. 哲学
sage
n. sb., esp. an old man or historical person, known for his wisdom and long experience 圣贤;哲人
primary
a. 1. chief, main 主要的
2. earliest in time or order of development 最初的
ingredient
n. 1. one of the essential parts of a situation 因素;要素
2. 成分
central
a. 1. chief, main, of greatest importance 主要的，最重要的
2. being (at, in, or near) the center (位居)中心的
*orientation
n. a direction or position 取向;方位;定位
*repay
vt. reward;pay back 偿还;回报
obligation
n. sth. that one must do out of a duty or promise 义务;责任
guilt
n. 1. the feelings produced by knowledge or belief that one has done wrong 内疚
2. the fact of having broken a moral rule or official law 罪(行)
bond
n. 1. sth. that unites two or more people, or groups, such as a shared feeling or interest 联结;联系
2. 公债，债券
3. 合约
crawl
vi. & n. 爬(行)
horrify
vt. shock greatly;fill with horror 吓;使感惊骇
unhealthy
a. 1. likely to cause illness or poor health 有碍健康的
2. not very strong or well, often ill 体弱多病的，不结实的，不健康的
*naivea. 1. too willing to believe or trust 轻信的
2. without experience (as of social rules or behaviour), esp. because one is young 幼稚的;天真的
*transplant
vt. move sth. from one place and plant, settle or establish elsewhere 移植;移居
recommendation
n. 1. suggestion, piece of advice 建议
2. 推荐信
vacation
n. (esp. AmE) holiday 假期;休假
vastly
ad. 1. very greatly 非常大地
2. 广阔地
vast
a. 1. very large and wide 广阔的;广大的
2. great in amount 大量的
positive
a. 1. (of people) sure, having no doubt about sth. 无疑问的;确定的
2. certain, beyond any doubt 肯定的
3. (of a statement) direct 正面的
span
n. 1. the length of time over which a stated thing continues or works well 持续时间
2. 跨度;跨距
attention span
a length of time over which one can concentrate 注意力的持续时间
Phrases and Expressions
make it (to) (a place)
succeed in getting (to) (a place) 成功抵达某地
owe to
have (sth. good) because of 把…归功于…
imbue with
(use. pass.) fill (sb), with (sth.), esp. a strong feeling or opinion [常被动] 向…灌输…
by contrast
very differently (from sth. previously mentioned);on the other hand 对比之下
get ahead
be successful in one"s career 获得成功;出头
have what it takes
(infml.) have the qualifications necessary for success 具备取得成功的必要条件
spring from
be a product or result of;originate from 发源于;来自
can"t wait (for sth.)
be excited about and eager (for sth.) 迫不及待，等不及
21世纪研究生英语综合教程郭继荣著课后答案下载60篇（扩展10）
——21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册第3课内容解说60篇
21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册第3课内容解说1
Caroline Seebohm
Dr. Edward Jenner was busy trying to solve the problem of smallpox. After studying case after case, he still found no possible cure. He had reached an impasse in his thinking. At this point, he changed his tactics. Instead of focusing on people who had smallpox, he switched his attention to people who did not have smallpox. It turned out that dairymaids apparently never got the disease. From the discovery that harmless cowpox gave protection against deadly smallpox came vaccination and the end of smallpox as a scourge in the western world.
We often reach an impasse in our thinking. We are looking at a problem and trying to solve it and it seems there is a dead end. It is on these occasions that we become tense, we feel pressured, overwhelmed, in a state of stress. We struggle vainly, fighting to solve the problem.
Dr. Jenner, however, did something about this situation. He stopped fighting the problem and sim* changed his point of view—from his patients to dairy maids. Picture the process going something like this: Suppose the brain is a com*r. This com*r has absorbed into its memory bank all your history, your experiences, your training, your information received through life; and it is programmed according to all this data. To change your point of view, you must reprogramme your com*r, thus freeing yourself to take in new ideas and develop new ways of looking at things. Dr. Jenner, in effect, by reprogramming his com*r, erased the old way of looking at his smallpox problem and was free to receive new alternatives.
That"s all very well, you may say, but how do we actually do that?
Doctor and philosopher Edward de Bono has come up with a technique for changing our point of view, and he calls it Lateral Thinking.
The normal Western approach to a problem is to fight it. The saying, "When the going gets tough, the tough get going," is typical of this aggressive attitude toward problem-solving. No matter what the problem is, or the techniques available for solving it, the framework produced by our Western way of thinking is fight. Dr. de Bono calls this vertical thinking; the traditional, sequential, Aristotelian thinking of logic, moving firmly from one step to the next, like toy blocks being built one on top of the other. The flaw is, of course, that if at any point one of the steps is not reached, or one of the toy blocks is incorrectly placed, then the whole structure collapses. Impasse is reached, and frustration, tension, feelings of fight take over.
Lateral thinking, Dr. de Bono says, is a new technique of thinking about things—a technique that avoids this fight altogether, and solves the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.
In one of Sherlock Holmes"s cases, his assistant, Dr. Watson, pointed out that a certain dog was of no importance to the case because it did not appear to have done anything. Sherlock Holmes took the opposite point of view and maintained that the fact the dog had done nothing was of the utmost significance, for it should have been expected to do something, and on this basic he solved the case.
Lateral thinking sounds simple. And it is. Once you have solved a problem laterally, you wonder how you could ever have been hung up on it. The key is making that vital shift in emphasis, that sidestepping of the problem, instead of attacking it head-on.
Dr. A. A. Bridger, psychiatrist at Columbia University and in private practice in New York, explains how lateral thinking works with his patients. "Many people come to me wanting to stop smoking, for instance," he says. "Most people fail when they are trying to stop smoking because they wind up telling themselves, "No, I will not smoke; no, 1 shall not smoke; no, I will not; no, I cannot..." It"s a fight and what happens is you end up smoking more."
"So instead of looking at the problem from the old ways of no, and fighting it, I show them a whole new point of view—that you are your body"s keeper, and your body is something through which you experience life. If you stop to think about it, there"s really something helpless about your body. It can do nothing for itself. It has no choice, it is like a baby"s body. You begin then a whole new way of looking at it—‘I am now going to take care of myself, and give myself some respect and protection, by not smoking."
“There is a Japanese parable about a donkey tied to a pole by a rope. The rope rubs tight against his neck. The more the donkey fights and pulls on the rope, the tighter and tighter it gets around his throat—until he winds up dead. On the other hand, as soon as he stops fighting, he finds that the rope gets slack, he can walk around, maybe find some grass to eat...That"s the same principle: The more you fight something the more anxious you become—the more you"re involved in a bad pattern, the more difficult it is to escape pain.
"Lateral thinking," Dr. Bridger goes on, "is sim* approaching a problem with what I would call an Eastern flanking maneuver. You know, when a zen archer wants to hit the target with a bow and arrow, he doesn"t concentrate on the target, he concentrates rather on what he has in his hands, so when he lets the arrow go, his focus is on the arrow, rather than the target. This is what an Eastern flanking maneuver implies—instead of approaching the target directly, you approach it from a sideways point of view—or laterally instead of vertically."
"I think the answer lies in that direction," affirms Dr. Bridger. "Take the situation where someone is in a crisis. The Chinese word for crisis is divided into two characters, one meaning danger and the other meaning opportunity. We in the Western world focus only upon the ‘danger" aspect of crisis. Crisis in Western civilization has come to mean danger, period. And yet the word can also mean opportunity. Let us now suggest to the person in crisis that he cease concentrating so upon the dangers involved and the difficulties, and concentrate instead upon the opportunity—for there is always opportunity in crisis. Looking at a crisis from an opportunity point of view is a lateral thought."
21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册第3课内容解说2
smallpox
n. a highly contagious disease causing spots which leave marks on the skin 天花
impasse
n. a position from which progress is impossible; deadlock 僵局;死胡同
tactics
n. a method or process of carrying out a scheme or achieving some end 战术;策略
dairymaid
n. a girl or woman who works in a dairy 牛奶场女工
dairy
n. 1. place where milk is kept and milk products are made 牛奶场;奶品场
2. shop where milk, butter, etc. are sold 乳品店
cowpox
n. a disease of cows, of which the virus was formerly used in vaccination against smallpox 牛痘
vaccination
n. 接种疫苗
scourge
n. thing or person that causes great trouble or misfortune 苦难的根源;灾难;祸害
dead end
n. a point beyond which progress or achievement is impossible; a street or passage closed at one end 僵局;死巷，死胡同
vainly
ad. uselessly; in vain 枉然地;徒劳地
vain
a. 1. having too high an opinion of one"s looks, abilities, etc.; conceited 自视甚高的;自负的
2. useless or futile 无用的，无益的，无效的;徒劳的
erase
vt. rub out; remove all traces of 擦掉;抹去
lateral
a. of, at, towards, or from the side or sides 横向的.;侧面的;向侧面的
laterally
ad. in a lateral direction, sideways 横向地;侧面地;旁边地
lateral thinking
横向思维，水*思考
going
n. 1. the condition of the ground for walking, driving or riding 地面状况
2. condition of progress 进行情况;进展
framework
n. 1. set of principles or ideas used as a basis for one"s judgement, decisions, etc. 参照标准;准则;观点
2. structure giving shape and support 框架，结构
vertical
a. straight up and down; at right angles to a horizontal plane 纵向的;垂直的
vertically
ad. in a vertical direction 垂直地
sequential
a. of, forming, or following in (a) sequence 相继的;连续的
flaw
n. a defect; fault; error 瑕疵;缺点
structure
n. sth. built; anything composed of parts arranged together; way in which sth. is put together, organized, built, etc. 结构;建筑物;构造物
utmost
a. greatest; highest 极度的;极高的
significance
n. importance; meaning 重要性;意义，含义
sidestep
v. step aside; avoid by stepping aside 横跨一步避开;回避
head-on
ad. in a direct manner; with the head or front first 正面地;迎头向前地
parable
n. a brief story used to teach some moral lesson or truth 寓言
donkey
n. 驴
slack
a. not tight or firm; loose 不紧的;松弛的
flank
v. be located at the side (of); attack the side (of) 位于侧面;攻击侧面
man(o)euver
n. a planned movement of troops or warships; a skillful move or clever trick 部队等的调遣;巧计;策略
flanking maneuve
n. 侧攻策略
zen
n. a japanese form of Buddhism, emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition 禅;禅宗
archer
n. a person who shoots with a bow and arrows 弓箭手
bow
n. 弓
im*
vt. express indirectly; suggest 暗示;意味着
sideways
a. to or from a side 旁边的;向侧面的
affirm
vt. declare to be true; say firmly 断言;肯定
period
int.(美口)(常用于叙述事实或看法后表示强调)就是这话;就是这么回事
cease
vt. put an end to; stop 终止;停止
21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册第3课内容解说3
take in
receive; absorb 接受;接纳;吸收
in effect
in reality 实际上
take over
take control in place of sth. else 取而代之;取得主导地位
be hung up on/about
be thinking or worrying too much about 因…而烦心;因…而心神不宁
wind up
(infml.) bring or come to an end; end in a specified state or circumstance (口)(使)结束;以…告终
end up
wind up; come out 结束;结果是
pull on
draw (one end of sth. long) continuously and with force 用力拉(某长形物之一端)
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