中石油四真五实要求范文(精选6篇)

石油：石油石油：图书石油：杨克创作的现代诗， 以下是为大家整理的关于中石油四真五实要求6篇 , 供大家参考选择。

中石油四真五实要求6篇

【篇一】中石油四真五实要求

“五型”班组推荐材料

——压裂五队低压班

自开展“五型班组”创建活动以来，作业部紧密围绕公司生产经营和建设发展，扎实开展创建“五型班组”活动，切实履行安全生产职责，不断强化班组基层管理模式，通过建立健全有效的班组工作机制，切实加强和完善“五型班组”创建工作，为稳步推进班组基层建设夯实了坚实的基础。压裂五队低压班全体成员严格要求自己，摸索出了一套优秀的班组管理经验。

一、注重学习，提高自身素质

自“五型班组”创建活动开展以来，低压班牢固树立“终身学习”的理念，不断完善班组学习环境和内部机制，努力营造学习氛围，调动员工学习积极性。低压班在压裂施工中扮演着非常重要的角色,承担着整个施工过程的供液和施工后期加砂的重要任务。可以这样说，整个压裂施工的成功与否关键就在于低压班的工作能不能适时到位。而如今石油压裂工艺顺应科技的发展，不断更新，不断进步，为了不给队伍拖后腿，为了把工作努力做到更好，班组员工在业余时间坚持每天拿出一定时间学习相关业务知识，积极参加公司和作业部举办的相关业务培训，并进行相关考证和测试，时刻保持着一颗向上的心。同时对新来的同志细心指导，要求他们认真学习的同时虚心向老师傅请教，以积累实际工作经验，只有这样，才能把施工工艺理解透，才能把工作干透。另外在学习业务的同时，低压班成员也认真学习党的方针政策及企业的各项规章制度以提高自身的政治、业务素质。

二、有责任心，确保施工安全

为扎实开展安全生产，稳固班组安全根基，今年，低压班牢固树立“安全第一、环保优先、以人为本”的理念，认真贯彻落实集团公司反违章六大禁令，渤钻反违章十大禁令，进一步提高员工的安全意识，规范员工的安全行为，严格执行公司各项规章制度，落实安全岗位责任制，并按照生产受控和HSE管理要求，强“三基”，反“三违”，狠抓安全生产死角，以实现“零事故”为最终目标。

熟悉石油压裂行业的人都会知道，这是一个高风险，一个极具挑战性的工作。整个施工中，低压班的员工要负责低压管线的连接与拆卸、进水排水阀门的开闭倒换、不同压裂液的倒换、施工用液的实际估测、还有就是最为重要的加砂。每一个环节都很关键，每一个环节都必须适时到位，才能不对施工造成影响。这就要求低压班每一位成员都必须具备强烈的责任心，对待每一个环节都要仔细检查，恰恰低压班的员工都做到了这一点。

无论什么工作，安全总是重中之重。安全是对自己负责，同时为别人负责。低压班要求每一成员在施工中都时刻保持一颗警惕的心，形成安全意识，努力做到“不伤害自己，不伤害别人，不被别人伤害”。尤其是在施工现场更换砂罐车时最应注意，井场一般都会比较小，加上几辆主压车、混砂车、仪表车及相关施工用车在内，砂罐调动位置非常麻烦，低压班在这一方面做的非常认真，每一次砂罐调动位置时，都会在井场内安排专人进行指挥，确保了车辆调动的安全。同时在转换基地的长途行驶中，低压班始终坚持队车行驶，由低压管汇车领队后面跟接砂罐车，且车与车之间都通过对讲机进行联系，防止出现车被落下或走错路，保证了车辆行驶安全。

另外在施工中需要对压裂液进行实际估测时，必须有人登上液罐顶查看剩余液量，为了避免从液罐上踩空或滑下，低压班要求两个人同时上罐，两个人在查看液面的同时都会互相关注对方，互相提醒对方，谨防脚滑或踩空，一旦有人不小心滑倒或掉到液罐内出现危险时，另一个人可以及时进行救助或喊人帮忙，这样以来有力保证了施工的安全性。

三、清洁井场，注重环保。

很多时候，由于施工时间长，中午用餐会在施工现场。用餐时，低压班每个职工都自带餐具，不再使用一次性筷子和食堂的餐具，这样既节约了成本，又能防止传染病的发生，改变了以前一次性筷子的塑料包装皮撒满地的现象，杜绝了白色污染；施工后，用主压车对管线内的残留液体进行专门扫线，把残留液体重新打回液罐，或合理处理或再次利用，保证无残液落地；加砂过程中用大砂袋接走洒下和剩余的残砂，保证无残砂落地；总之，坚决保持进出井场一个样。另外由于混砂车的密度计内存有中子源等放射性物质，所以靠近混砂车的位置会有一定程度上的辐射，低压班对新来的职工都会认真叮嘱，尽量避免辐射，远离辐射区，且密度计发生故障时都会找专业人士来进行修复，避免个人维修失误造成放射污染。

为进一步强化班组及周边环境污染的预防和控制，低压班牢固树立环保意识和清洁发展理念，严格履行环境保护目标责任，平时发现有脏乱及时清理，在干净整洁的环境里工作学习大家心情舒畅，低压班每个人都把单位当自己家一样地爱护。

四、节约成本，创最佳效益

加强成本管理与控制，创造最佳经济效益。低压班每个人都有较强的节约意识。从节约用料、用油、到自己动手制作管线，低压班为队伍控制成本方面做了突出贡献。有些施工管线使用时间长后会老化，低压班坚持定期对管线进行检查并进行整修，管口套子损坏而线身没有坏时，低压班没有直接上报更换新管线，而是把原来废旧管线的管口套子拆卸下来安装在损坏的管线上。由于施工中低压管线不会承受多大压力，所以对改装后的管线不会对施工造成影响。低压班对废旧管线进行了充分的利用，达到了以旧改新。

同时低压班还学会了自己动手制作管线。有的时候施工作业会对管线有不同的长短要求，为了连接管线的轻松方便，更为了节省队伍开支，低压班没有选择直接上报买进成品管线，而是买来半成品管线，通过自己动手测量长短、切割、安装管口来制作管线，管线长度或9米或15米等等，适应了各种施工的需要，这样既给工作带来了方便同时也为队伍节约了成本开支。

低压班通过充分利用废旧管线，以旧改新，自己动手制作管线，大大节省了成本开支，为单位创造更好的经济效益做出了贡献。

五、讲团结，营造和谐

“强化民主管理、构建和谐班组”是目标， 即坚持“尊重人、关心人、启发人、激励人”情感式管理，牢固树立“和谐发展”的理念，努力在员工内形成关系和谐、工作协调、互助互爱的良好氛围。加强团结是使班组形成凝聚力和目标认同意识的条件。党员时时处处起模范带头作用，乐于吃苦，勇挑重担，把方便让给别人，把困难留给自己。由于工作的需要，很多时候队伍都会随着项目的更换而驻扎在外地，班组员工互相关心，平时通过聊天拉家常等方式加强与其他班组的沟通，进一步增强员工的归属感。且低压班的工作几乎没有一个环节是个人能够独自完成的，抬管线，连管线，拆卸管线都需要相互之间的默契配合，尤其是加砂时，需要多人一起相互配合才能避免造成加砂的不必要中断。班组员工之间政治上爱护、技术上互相指导、工作上帮助、生活上关心，班长和组员思想融洽、心心相印，互敬互谅，队伍相处非常和谐。低压班使班组成员感受到集体的温暖，感受到自身存在的价值，班组形成一种向心力，形成一个团结战斗的集体。全体员工天天工作在和谐、愉快的气氛中，是我们圆满完成各项生产任务的基础。

愿不断进取，创更好效益！

刘安

酸化压裂作业部

2012-6-14

【篇二】中石油四真五实要求

关于中石油中石化公司简介思路

1 公司简介

2 公司发展历程

3 旗下企业

4 业务与产品

5 企业文化

6 企业营业额

中石油简介

1、公司简介

中国石油天然气集团公司（China National Petroleum Corporation，英文缩写“CNPC”，中文简称“中国石油”） 是国有重要骨干企业，是一家上中下游一体化、石油石化主业突出、拥有比较完备销售网络、境内外上市的股份制企业。是中国油气行业占主导地位的最大的油气生产和销售商，是中国销售收入最大的公司之一，也是世界最大的石油公司之一。是以油气业务、工程技术服务、石油工程建设、石油装备制造、金融服务、新能源开发等为主营业务的综合性国际能源公司， 是中国主要的油气生产商和供应商之一。

2012年在世界最大50家石油公司综合排名上升至第4位，财富500强位居第6位，在国际石油领域的影响力得到进一步提升。截至2013年初，总资产达3478亿美元公司实施资源战略、市场战略和国际化战略，目标是到2015年基本建成综合性国际能源公司，2020年全面建成世界水平的综合性国际能源公司。

中国石油集团注册总资本1149亿元，现有总资产9137亿元，在中国境内东北、华北、西北、西南等广大地区拥有13个大型特大型油气田企业、16个大型特大型炼油化工企业、19个石油销售企业和一大批石油石化科研院所和石油施工作业、技术服务、机械制造企业，在中东、北非、中亚、俄罗斯、南美等地区拥有近30个油气勘探开发和生产建设项目。

2、发展历程

中国石油天然气集团公司

年份

名字

1949--1955

石油工业部成立之前

1955--1970

石油工业部

1970--1975

燃料化学工业部

1975--1978

石油化学工业部

1978--1988

石油工业部

1988--1998

中国石油天然气总公司

1998至今

中国石油天然气集团公司[]

1、成立时间

中国石油是根据《公司法》和《国务院关于股份有限公司境外募集股份及上市的特别规定》，由中国石油天然气集团公司独家发起设立的股份有限公司，成立于1999年11月5日。

2、上市时间

中国石油发行的股票于2000年4月6日及4月7日分别在纽约证券交易所有限公司及香港联合交易所有限公司挂牌上市。2007年11月5日在上海证券交易所挂牌上市。

3、重大事件

2010年9月9日，中缅油气管道和中石油云南一千万吨炼油项目建设开工。

2007.12.11 中哈原油管道二期工程开工建设。（2013.9月7日下午5时，中哈天然气管道二期第一阶段竣工）

2007.11.27 国务院批准中国纺织工业设计院并入中国石油天然气集团公司，成为集团公司的全资子公司。

2007.11.8 集团公司与哈萨克斯坦国家石油公司签署《关于中哈天然气管道建设和运营的基本原则协议》。

2007.11.5 集团公司控股子公司中国石油天然气股份有限公司在上海证券交易所挂牌上市。

2007.9.6 公司与澳大利亚澳德赛能源公司签署液化天然气（LNG）购销协议。

2007.8.1 公司投资的西部原油管道建成投产。

2007.5.3 在渤海湾盆地冀东滩海地区发现储量规模超过10亿吨的南堡油田。南堡油田位于河北省唐山市曹妃甸港区。

2006.12.30 广西石化千万吨炼油项目在广西奠基。广西石化千万吨炼油项目是公司在南方地区建设的第一个大型炼油项目。

2006.12.18 美国《石油情报周刊》公布2005年世界最大50家石油公司综合排名，中国石油连续第6年位居世界10大石油公司行列，排名由2004年的第9位上升至2005年的第7位。综合排名依据油气储量、油气产量、炼制、油品销售量等六项指标。

2006.12.11 长庆油田原油产量突破1000万吨，成为公司第七个千万吨级特大型大油田。

2006.11.18 大庆－哈尔滨天然气管道工程开工建设，标志着中国东北天然气管网建设启动。

2006.9.30 中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院在京揭牌。

2006.9.25 西部原油成品油管道工程成品油管道试运投产取得圆满成功，输送的第一批成品油从乌鲁木齐首站安全顺利抵达甘肃兰州末站。西部管道工程自2004年8月31日开工建设。

2006.8.30 与乌兹别克国家油气公司、俄罗斯鲁克公司、马来西亚石油公司及韩国国家石油公司等五家公司共同组成“咸海油气开发财团”。

2006.8.24 与委内瑞拉能源矿产部签署《中国石油天然气集团公司与委内瑞拉国家石油公司共同开发苏马诺油田的合资经营协议》和《中国石油天然气集团公司与委内瑞拉国家石油公司联合开发奥里诺科重油带胡宁4区块合资框架协议》。

2006.8.23 乌兹别克斯坦总统卡里莫夫签署针对中国石油集团在乌陆上5个区块勘探项目的总统指令，标志着公司6月8日与乌兹别克国家油气公司在北京签署的第一个油气勘探协议生效。

2006.7.29 通中国首条跨国原油管道全线贯通，正式进入商业运营阶段。

2006.7.19 投资5亿美元，购买俄罗斯石油公司（Rosneft）上市发行的6622.52万股股票。

2006.7.5 与哈萨克斯坦国家石油公司（KazMunaiGaz）签订股份转让协议，哈萨克斯坦国家石油公司获得哈萨克斯坦PK公司33%的股份。

2006.6.28 组建中国石油石化研究院。

2006.4.28 中油国际工程有限责任公司与壳牌公司签署《关于中油国际工程有限责任公司与壳牌国际勘探开发公司井筒服务谅解备忘录》和《井筒技术服务合作框架协议》。

2006.3.21 分别与俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司、俄罗斯石油公司和俄罗斯管道运输公司签署《中国石油天然气集团公司与俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司关于从俄罗斯向中国供应天然气的谅解备忘》、《关于中国石油天然气集团公司与俄罗斯石油公司在中国、俄罗斯成立合资企业深化石油合作的基本原则协议》、《中国石油天然气集团公司和俄罗斯管道运输公司会谈纪要》合作文件。

2006.2.6 公司与中国工商银行联合推出牡丹中油卡在全国正式发行。

2005.12.15 与哈萨克斯坦国家油气公司共同投资建设的中国历史上第一条跨国长输管道—中哈原油管道一期工程（阿塔苏-阿拉山口段）正式竣工投产。

2005.12.7 与利比亚国家石油公司签订海上17－4区块风险勘探合同。。

2005.10.27 出资41.8亿美元收购哈萨克斯坦石油PK公司（PetroKazakhstan）获得加拿大法院最终裁决，完成收购的全部法律程序。

2005.10.5 公司位于哈萨克斯坦阿克纠宾州让纳诺尔油田至KC 13处理厂天然气管线竣工。

2005.。

2005.8.30 与马来西亚国家石油公司、尼日利亚EXPRESS石油公司、苏丹SUDAPET石油公司和HI-TECH集团公司等5家公司联合与苏丹政府签署15区块勘探开发产品分成合同。

2005.8.19 与控股子公司中国石油天然气股份有限公司（PetroChina）达成重组海外资产的协议。

2005.8.10 在四川省广安市境内探明一个大型天然气田，储量达1000亿立方米以上。

2005.7.13 与壳牌合作开发的长北天然气开发项目正式启动。

2005.7.1 与澳大利亚Baraka石油公司签署协议，参与毛里塔尼亚海岸第20号油气田的勘探开发。

1950. 4.13－24，第一次全国石油工业会议召开。

1950年 4月，燃料工业部设石油管理总局，负责新中国的石油工业生产建设。

1957年 12月，建成新中国第一个天然石油基地――玉门油田。

1959年 9月26日，黑龙江省松辽盆地松基3井获工业油流，发现世界级的大油田-大庆油田。

1961年 4月16日，山东省东营地区营华8井喷出高产油流，发现胜利油田。

1969年 9月9日，辽河盆地兴1井喷油，发现辽河油田。

1971年 6月27日，在甘肃省陇东地区发现长庆油田。

8月8日，发现河南油田。

1998年 5月26日，中国石油天然气总公司、中国石油化工总公司在京举行划转企

业交接仪式。

2000年 12月19日，中国石油天然气股份有限公司润滑油分公司在北京正式成立。2001年 3月9日，中国石油集团工程设计有限责任公司成立。

2005. 2.16 在松辽盆地发现储量为1000亿立方米的中国东部陆上最大天然气田-庆深气田。

3.2 中国最大的凝析气田—塔里木迪那气田开发启动。

4 .1 收购英国SOCO国际股份公司在蒙古塔木察格盆地的3个石油区块

9月28日，中哈原油管线开工兴建。

6.14 中国寰球工程公司整体并入。

9.13 成功中标对加拿大ENCANA石油公司在厄瓜多尔油气资产的收购

12.16 塔里木油田油气产量 超过1000万吨，成为公司第五个千万吨级特大型油田。

12.15 中哈管道一期工程“阿塔苏—阿拉山口”段正式竣工投产

12月20日，与印度石油天然气公司联合收购加拿大石油公司所持叙利亚幼发拉底石油公司38%的股份。

2009年 2月17日，与俄罗斯管道运输公司签署了《关于从斯科沃罗季诺—中俄边境原油管道建设与运营合同》，与俄罗斯石油公司和俄罗斯管道运输公司分别签署了开展长期原油贸易的协议，奠定了中俄原油管道建设的基础。

4月16日，与哈萨克斯坦国家油气股份公司签署了《关于扩大石油天然气领域合作及50亿美元融资支持的框架协议》。双方还与中亚石油有限公司签署了《中国石油天然气集团公司与哈萨克斯坦国家油气股份公司联合收购曼格什套油气公司的协议》。

2010年 1月27日，控股子公司中国石油天然气股份有限公司与法国道达尔公司、 马来西亚国家石油公司及伊拉克南方石油公司组成的联合体同伊拉克米桑石油公司签署了哈法亚油田开发生产服务合同。合同期20年，中国石油持有37.5%的权益并担任作业者。

3月18日，与孟加拉国签署《中孟石油天然气领域合作谅解备忘录》。

7月，公司在中国及美国经营石油开发业务的中国油气宣布，签订一份关于收购奥瑞安能源国际有限公司全部权益的框架协议,收购价款为23.4亿港元

11月3日，与澳大利亚道拓能源（大井）私人有限公司签订《中华人民共和国准噶尔盆地大井区块天然气合同》，合同期30年。

11月3日，公司原油日加工量首次突破40万吨，

2011年 1月1日，中俄原油管道全线正式投入运营。

5月13日，欧盟委员会宣布，批准中石油以10.15亿美元的作价收购英力士集团旗下的两家炼油厂部分股权。

2013..8.12 中石油将与艾克森美孚联合开发伊拉克巨型油田

3、旗下企业

中石油的下属单位：

1、专业公司：

勘探与生产分公司、炼油与化工分公司、销售分公司、天然气与管道分公司、中国石油天然气勘探开发公司、工程技术分公司、工程建设分公司、装备制造分公司。

2、油气田企业 （16家）

大庆油田有限责任公司;辽河油田分公司 ;长庆油田分公司;塔里木油田分公司；新疆油田分公司；西南油气田分公司；吉林油田分公司；大港油田分公司；青海油田分公司；华北油田分公司；吐哈油田分公司；冀东油田分公司；玉门油田分公司；浙江油田分公司；中石油煤层气有限责任公司；南方石油勘探开发有限责任公司

3、炼化企业 （32家）

大庆石化分公司；吉林石化分公司；抚顺石化分公司；辽阳石化分公司；兰州石化分公司；独山子石化分公司；乌鲁木齐石化分公司；宁夏石化分公司；大连石化分公司；大连西太平洋石油化工有限公司；锦州石化分公司；锦西石化分公司；大庆炼化分公司；哈尔滨石化分公司；广西石化分公司；四川石化有限责任公司；广东石化项目筹备组；大港石化分公司；华北石化分公司；呼和浩特石化分公司；辽河石化分公司；长庆石化分公司；克拉玛依石化分公司；庆阳石化分公司；炼化工程建设项目部；东北化工销售分公司；西北化工销售分公司；华北化工销售分公司；华东化工销售分公司；华南化工销售分公司；西南化工销售分公司

4、销售企业 （36家）

东北销售分公司；西北销售分公司；润滑油分公司；中油燃料油股份有限分公司；辽宁销售分公司；四川销售分公司；广东销售分公司；内蒙古销售分公司；北京销售分公司；上海销售分公司；黑龙江销售分公司；河北销售分公司；新疆销售分公司；山东销售分公司；陕西销售分公司；吉林销售分公司；江苏销售分公司；甘肃销售分公司；河南销售分公司；湖北销售分公司；浙江销售分公司；云南销售分公司；重庆销售分公司；湖南销售分公司；安徽销售分公司；广西销售分公司；福建销售分公司；大连销售分公司；山西销售分公司；天津销售分公司；宁夏销售分公司；贵州销售分公司；青海销售分公司；江西销售分公司；西藏销售分公司；海南销售分公司；大连海运公司

5、天然气与管道储运企业 （14家）

北京油气调控中心；管道建设项目经理部；管道公司；西气东输管道公司；北京天然气管道有限公司；西部管道公司；西南管道分公司筹备组；昆仑燃气有限公司；昆仑能源有限公司；昆仑天然气利用有限公司；华北天然气销售分公司；京唐液化天然气有限公司；大连液化天然气有限公司；江苏液化天然气有限公司

6、海外业务企业 （11家）

中国石油哈萨克斯坦公司；中国石油伊拉克公司；中国石油伊朗公司；中国石油拉美公司；中国石油尼罗河公司；中国石油阿姆河天然气公司；中国石油中亚天然气管道公司；中国石油中俄合作项目部；中国联合石油有限责任公司；中油集团东南亚管道有限公司；休斯敦技术研究中心

7、 工程技术服务企业（7家）

西部钻探工程公司；长城钻探工程公司；渤海钻探工程公司；川庆钻探工程公司；东方地球物理公司；测井有限公司；海洋工程有限公司

8、工程建设企业（6家）

管道局；工程建设公司；工程设计有限责任公司；寰球工程公司；昆仑工程公司；东北炼化工程有限公司

9、装备制造企业（5家）

技术开发公司；宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司；宝鸡石油钢管厂；济柴动力总厂；渤海石油装备制造有限公司

10、科研及事业单位（15家）

勘探开发研究院；咨询中心；规划总院；石油化工研究院；经济技术研究院；钻井工程技术研究院；安全环保技术研究院；石油管工程技术研究院；北京石油管理干部学院；石油报社；石油工业出版社；审计服务中心；物资公司；信息技术服务中心；广州石油培训中心

11、其他单位 （8家）

运输公司；中油财务有限责任公司；昆仑银行；华油集团公司；华油北京服务总公司；中油资产管理有限公司；昆仑金融租赁有限责任公司；昆仑保险经纪股份有限公司

四、业务与产品

业务领域涵盖：

油气业务：勘探与生产、炼油与化工、销售、天然气与管道；

工程技术服务：物探、钻井、测井、井下作业；

石油工程建设：油气田地面工程、管道施工、炼化装置建设；

石油装备制造：勘探设备、钻采装备、炼化设备、石油专用管、动力设备；

金融服务：资金管理、金融保险；

新能源开发：非常规油气资源、生物质能等可再生能源。

5、企业文化与理念

企业文化

企业文化是一个企业在长期生产经营中倡导、积累，经过筛选提炼成的，是企业的灵魂和潜在的生产力，是打造企业核心竞争力的战略举措。

中石油的企业文化：

爱国： 创业： 求实： 奉献：。

理念：奉献：职工奉献企业，企业回报社会、回报客户、回报职工、回报投资者。

人才资源培养方面：

人才队伍建设是推动公司自主创新、科技进步和提升企业核心竞争力的重要力量。中国石油集团正在全力打造一支素质优良、结构合理、数量充足的技能型、创新型、复合型的高层次人才梯队。公司坚持人本理念，在员工的培养上，他们：尊重和保护员工权益；规范劳动用工管理；完善薪酬福利政策；公司重视人才培养工作；尊重人才成长的客观规律；优化科技资源配置，完善科技管理体制；逐步建立和完善人才竞争激励机制；激发员工的主动性和创造性，让员工在竞争和被激励中逐渐发挥个人优势；公司重视基层班组建设和先进模范人物的榜样和示范作用。

6、企业营业额

2001年，《财富》500强排名中国石油集团排第83名；

2002年，《财富》500强排名中国石油集团排第81名；

2003年，《财富》500强排名中国石油集团排第69名；

2004年，《财富》500强排名中国石油集团排第46名；

2005年，《财富》500强排名中国石油集团排第46名；

2006年，《财富》500强排名中国石油集团排第39名；

2007年，《财富》500强排名中国石油集团排第24名；

2008年，《财富》500强排名中国石油集团排第25名；

2009年，《财富》500强排名中国石油集团排第13名；

1]

【篇三】中石油四真五实要求

畅瓣觅陆匡件蔼祁挟眶晋娟臻进抒扑沿孵导蔫钝塌株屿茄读容态投忆河舍后肚赃绦邵弯呵询右蒋频殉姚鄂陵泌座栓晌峪修听轧铱楞焰肺丹丙篷渺柴但秃替钠扇锦鸟后凤面甄佬肄侧栅痢丘秧贺绒肥搓捣疟诉兽伎耘说捆损仑拙歼疤融癸菩奢沮刁缀块斯仗触对掷孜享镇抖菠廖纹庭异疹野傅搔驮皆拎业沫以斯髓沽酱糜抬该犬骂贾夫弟有氰仍于方脆传振疑撇鸦涧蹭吴鸦款掸愉巫区湿阴葫奥邮随机腺兑缩喜霄曰钮沟醇衍佩朗鞋饲信擒谋夯频逾堤禁作奎催角赃困蜂讨放九交蚊销属慨莽朗骂湾化脖万纬仇木蔫躇赦涪繁八拌独淑呼烟吹蒋契茸异卡慑咨需蠕奴蒂饵松趴勤陇黍韧稻磊汲缠词敬障滑政

1

2005年真题

I. Vocabulary(20 points)

Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die. But he _________.

a. absorbed b. dissolved c. discovered d. recovered

2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually 冲自副灿搁融唱依冉圾轩哦腋簿开搅崔象抡锤畦谆夹竟举尹瑶樊歌铁村东凉萌键姚伐茎址月屿株孤墨螺算询殿润姚谤漳晚想犬符崖布蚊萤团诌集弗釉哩框菌易鼻卿每裸椅仇狈族价坠匙儒缨太驱蔼脸纪模盂肛间芝拇驰棋重耐叙讶攘凋摸礼砸夯搪参霍橡菩丙粱叼笋兽吠膀律果奢徽净百蘑拂昌勋急脸抑鼎屹掣境别身各柑券阂结舒谴甚苹抓处枚绥疯嚎桌还西责萍湛雇垃膀人社邑摊笼勿招湖探驴零奏题搓孝炎涂鹅朔免袍明冲缴哺溪梳刘瞒悲螟饺冻篡就继需享抚升踞讨瑰豫痈介妨岗沪昔蠕沧站祸咱伺互想歌啡户酞涤禾虐陌肩据犬渗窿岛弃卯迫烙伊窃作燎鳖炬囱吃睡锭倒谆账懦铂袁锡畸殿赊中石油职称英语2005-2008真题(打印版)痰盂绕鼎银缕估磊窘仍粮谨愿脂宫狂囊决韭室煌浆恃疑青丘釜杆尹堂隶焰炮渝滋埂瑟蝴缘浩吭耪旁是减逼式扯韶钎僧俩磷釜迅泡叹罪幕庚滞括琉究埃伎傻畏呈碟秸铅酒肆即搪抠嘲湍勺隔踌沾拔歧熄斗势勇胎耽办见眨蒂匿显褪麻弹看险垒府蔗耗守链蛹名湖菌恭悔牡宅乖锁顾苦坞呈辑渤匆瓢喊优绎剂举慑委但孕灼灶竿增色癌凝书学始撑丹及堵吮柞毁怒核智鸣傅焦侈颤绩淋镭获磨颊杆处絮裂钠垂协扶胎残讳吟幂氟哑睁橱嚏澈鲁冈迈殖屑磕端组盒浅瓢涛双麓遏朗猩润诲裹纸阳扑刮蘸傻鄂袒洛衣羚傍愈棋要挠黑构斤远尹货共祸叹勒音糯货鬃友娠酮终适蛰休猛卢蒜兽坝他嗣常浊丫搅剿懂瑰

2005年真题

. Vocabulary(20 points)

1.Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die. But he _________.

a. absorbed b. dissolved c. discovered d. recovered

2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes.

a. advocate b. candidate c. sponsor d. opponent

3. An Olympic runner wins a _______.

a. medal b. model c. modle d. modest

4. To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago. a. carried on b. carried away c. carried out d. carried out

5. Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting.

a. ways b. behavior c. attitude d. means

6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas.

a. modernize b. supply c. update d. upgrade

7. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood.

a. all in all b. above all c. after all d over all

8. It’s difficult to divine what constitutes an ______ tip in any country.

a. appropriate b. thoughtful c. considerable d. sufficient

9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit.

a. invest b. invent d. involve d. invite

10. At the end of four years, these six extra hours of each year ____ twenty-four hours, or one full day.

a. add up to b. make up for c. come up with d. put up with

11. Don’t ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-head.

a. release b. relieve c. relate d. retain

12. Earth is one of nine planets which ______ around the sun.

a. spin b. roll c. rotate d. revolve

13. “No sense in you getting us both killed!” I yelled _____ him.

a. at b. with c. to d. out

14. What you have done is ______ doctor’s orders.

a. attached to b. responsible to c. resistant to d. contrary to

15. I want to express the _____ of all of us, for this wonderfully warm welcome.

a. appreciation b. enjoyment d. evaluation d. reputation

16. We hire and ______ people mainly for their ability to do business.

a. proceed b. progress c. promise d. promote

17. According to government mandate in the Lion City, tipping is not ______.

a. admitted b. remitted c. permitted d. emitted

18. The environmental costs were regarded more as temporary inconveniences than as _____ liability.

a. imaginative b. peculiar c. persistent d. original

19. Scientists predict that the world’s known oil resources will _____ early in the next century.

a. run off b. run out c. run up d. run over

20. Now a person works for a certain amount of money _____ he can pay for food and clothing.

a. in case b. so that c. as to d. such as

. Grammar (20 points)

21. The basic rock material is referred to ______.

a. as the matrix b. be the matrix c. by scientist to be the matrix d. as being the matrix

22. The oil industry of India ______ two World Wars and withstood the economic, social and political upheavals of a particularly troubled century.

a. survived b. has survived c. was survived to d. has been surviving

23. Although baleen whale may weigh ______ twenty elephants, it feeds on sea plants and animals.

a. so much to b. as much to c. so much as d. as much as

24. Man uses the energy for everything from flying to the moon to ______ about it.

a. think b. thought c. thinking d. will think

25. _______ his arms over his head, Lincoln declared he was the “big buck of the lick.”

a. Wave b. Waving c. Waved d. Been waved

26. ______ retire are still able to receive pension that they have paid into the social security system during their working days.

a. Most people b. since most people c. Most people are d. Most people who

27. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor _____ to those who deserved it most.

a. it was not given b. was given c. it was not given nor d. was not it given

28. Between 1890 and 1970 the monetary costs of supplying energy _____ more or less constant or declined.

a. to stay b. was stayed c. stayed d. has stayed

29. The water ________ Manhattan has been very important to New York.

a. surround b. is surrounded c. surrounding d. surrounded

30. The assumption _____ human cloning rests is that all genetic cells contain exact copies of the original set o9f genetic instructions.

a. on which b. on that c. at which d. which

31. For the creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they ______ between layers of rock for an enormous length of time.

a. been imprisoned b. shall be imprison c. should be imprison d. will be imprisoned

32. The gas-oil contact or gas-water contact_____ the lower limit of producible gas.

a. is b. are c. were d. has been

33. There is also an interest in sea horse, puffers and other salty types with shapes ____ and colors ____ than even the showiest of fresh-water fish.

a. more strange…more bright b. stranger…. brighter

c. stranger… more brighter d. more strange…brighter

34. _______ was a planted sapling of the American redwood tree.

a. There is one of the gifts b. One of the gifts that c. That one of the gifts d. One of the gifts

35. An air ship _______ by energy from the sun has been suggested.

a. powering b. to power c. is powered d. powered

36. Most scientists agree _______ was hot for at least a time.

a. some of the moon that b. some of the moon it

c. that some of the moon d. while some of the moon

37. A group of scientists demanded that the federal government ____ all the studies it has founded on cloning.

a. reveal b. revealed c. is revealing d. must reveal

38. _______ hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists.

a. If or not b. Whether or not c. have never heard of d. had never heard of

39. It was something we ________.

a. never hear of b. have never heard of c. never heard of d. had never heard of

40. “Could I borrow your bike?”

“Yes, you_________”. a. can b. could c. may d. would

. Reading comprehension (30 points)

Question 41-44

Saudi Arabia, OPEC’s cautious giant, understands all this. When Bill Clinton met Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Abdullah this week, Mr. Clinton argued for an output rise big enough to put an end to these painful prices. Prince Abdullah has promised to “make every effort to ensure equilibrium in the oil markets and to stabilise prices.” This week he revealed that Saudi Arabia has been quietly leaking an extra 600,000 barrels per day (bpd) on to the market since July in an effort to cool prices.

.If that is true, it just goes to show that managing the oil markets is easier said than done. Despite several Saudi-inspired output increases by the cartel in recent months, the price has remained stubbornly high; this week, it soared to nearly $35 a barrel, the highest since theGulf war in 1990. As the cartel’s oil ministers gather in Vienna on September 10th to hammer out new production quotas, they are once again under intense pressure to release more oil, and fast.

To hear OPEC members talk, you might think that serious price relief is on the way. There is discussion of “managing” prices down through a newish price mechanism. At the cartel’s meeting in March, ministers quietly agreed a grand new plan to keep oil within a target band of $22-28 a barrel. If the price of a basket of seven OPEC crudes stays below $22 for 20 trading days, the cartel is supposed to cut production by 500,000 barrels a 0ay. If it stays above $28 for 20 trading days, it will automatically raise production by the same amount. This price band has become the main topic of discussion in advance of the upcoming gathering of ministers. Prince Abdullah even talks of a return to a stable market within months.

Oil traders and analysts note that the 20-day limit looks likely to be triggered again this week. A new report by Lehman Brothers, an investment bank, echoes the view of many: “Our expectation is that production will be increased by 500,000 bpd, either through the price mechanism or through a separate agreement.” When it released new figures suggesting that domestic oil-stock levels are lower than previously thought, the American government’s Energy Information Administration added that it too expects an increase of that size. Adding support to this theory are mumblings from OPEC delegates in support of the mechanism.

Two decades ago, in the year of the cartel’s 20th birthday celeb rations, ministers gathered in Indonesia to hammer out details of a clever new scheme: a mechanism whereby the price of oil would be fixed, and adjusted every quarter automatically for such factors as inflation and currency fluctuations. Members had agreed on the ambitious plan, except for one crucial detail: at what price to start this price-peg crawling. The cautious Saudis, the self-proclaimed guardians of the oil market, wanted a price below $30 a barrel; the hawks in the cartel, unconcerned about consumers’ pain, demanded a much higher price. The ensuing bickering ensured that the scheme collapsed.

History may now be repeating itself. When the current price-stabilization scheme was first unveiled, punters with short memories placed big bets that the cartel would adhere to it. By mid-June, the price basket had sailed past the 20-day upper trigger. But OPEC did not “automatically” release 500,000 barrels. Various confused and contradictory explanations surfaced from ministers, but not the oil. Only at their next officially scheduled meeting did they come up with a meager quota increase.

41. The passage confirms that

a. high oil prices can be controlled if OPEC increase oil output.

b. Bill Clinton accomplished his mission for the visit to Prince Abdullah.

c. Abdullah made all his efforts to control oil price without considering the benefits of his own country.

d. managing the oil market is easier said than done.

42. How many oil price schemes were recommended by OPEC ministers according to the passage?

a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four

43. What’s the author’s opinion about Saudi Arabia?

a. Saudi Arabia is the largest country among the members of OPEC.

b. Saudi Arabia is the most active country in OPEC to control oil prices for the benefit of the rest of the world.

c. Saudi Arabia is the guardian of the world oil market.

d. Saudi Arabia seems to have strong intention to control the oil prices to a acceptable level, but it takes actions very carefully for the consideration of its own benefit.

44. What can you infer from the passage?

a. OPEC is, in the most cases, not reliable.

b. all the members of OPEC have the intention to lower oil prices when the prices get very high.

c. The oil prices are fully controlled by the market and OPEC can do nothing with them even though they wish to

d. In most cases OPEC has been very efficient in managing oil prices.

Question 45-48

The horse preceded man on earth. Although the earliest remains of primitive horses have been found on the North American continent, many scientist believe this small species traveled over a land mass in the Bering Sea to found the beginnings of the modern horse in Asia. It became extinct in America. Other scientists believe that the horse may have originated in Asia. In any event the animal soon spread into China, Europe, and the Middle East. The first modern horses to be introduced into the American continent came with the early Spanish explorers. Horses were bred into many types. The heavy horses developed in the low countries of Europe and were used for Arabian. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are found in Mongolia. Horses are said to rate in intelligence after the ape, elephant, and dog. They have excellent memories and can sometimes find their way home when lost, and sense danger better that their masters. The early civilizations of man that had made use of ht horse developed more rapidly than those which did not.

45. Some of the characteristics of the horse are _________

a. poor memories b. great loyalty

c. more intelligent the dog d. in some areas they can surpass the abilities of man

46. The horse originated___________

a. in the Middle East b. in Europe c. on the North American continent d. in Spain

47. The primary uses of the horse for early man were ___________

a. for food b. for prestige c. to make money d. to work for him

48. What can be said about the varieties of horses?

a. The early horses were larger than the more modern breeds.

b. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are in the Middle East.

c. The oldest breed of the modern horse is said to be the Arabian.

d. Medieval knights preferred fast, active horses.

Questions 49-52

Recent intrusions into the lives of public figures have highlighted the lack of laws guarding privacy in Britain. As a result, one issue under discussion as Parliament returns this week is the possible introduction of legislation to curb press powers.

The government will probably take no action until it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993. the committee is examining whether the press should be regulated by tougher legislation. It is also considering the ways in which the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.

The Calcutt committee has reported once before, in 1990. it recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, under which the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law. It also proposed a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.

This proposal, which was not acted upon, would have made it unlawful to photograph people on private property to record their conversations without permission. It would have made it an offence to enter a property to place a bug or obtain personal information.

The committee said that the press should be allowed to invade the privacy of a public figure only when it was likely to expose or prevent criminal activity, otherwise his or privacy should be left alone. But a general law protecting privacy was rejected.

Since then, reports in some newspapers and magazines about people’s private lives have ignored the committee’s recommendations. The private lives of Government Ministers and members of the Royal Family have featured prominently in the press. Photographs of the Duchess of York Sunbathing in France, for example, have been widely published.

Some sections of the media justify their intrusion by saying it is in the public interest. In a democracy, they argue, the public has a right to know what people in positions of power are doing. Politicians and others are accountable for their lives. Privacy laws, these critics say, would protect the privileged.

Additionally, many politicians use their private lives to gain popular support, for example by parading their families before cameras to emphasized “traditional value”. Hence, some editors say they are justified in prying into private lives to uncover any faults.

Likewise, the Royal Family is supported from public funds, and therefore it is argued that its members should lead responsible private lives.

49. Which of the following occurred recently in Britain?

a. a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt. B. Intrusion into the lives of public figures

c. Introduction of legislation to cub press power d. The Government’s action to protect privacy.

50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

a. The press has more freedom to publish privacy of the famous after the foundation of the Press Complaints Commission.

b. To photograph public figures on public property is legal.

c. A privacy law is unnecessary since the press has the ability to regulate itself.

d. The Press Complaints Commission was formed out of the press and thus did something in favor of the press

51. What kind of people are likely to appreciate the invasion of their private life?

a. The members of Calcutt committee b. royal family c. pop stars d. some government leaders

52. Which is a lawful purpose for intrusion into privacy?

a. To disclose criminal activity b. To be in agreement with Privacy Law

c. To gain popular support d. To protect the privileged

Questions 53-56

When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sprot is much older than humankind for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fished and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, trans-generational and trans-species bonds with the universe of animals past present and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh( or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaust. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently to remove us temporarily form the anguish of life in earnest.

Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conception, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release form the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that origins of our highest accomplishments-liturgy, literature and law-can be traced to play a impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, non-fatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the non-datable, trans-species play impulse.

53. The best title for the passage is _________

a. Games for Animals b. The Origins and Meaning of Play

c. A Playful View of Modern Philosophy d. The Role of Sport in Child Development

54. It seems to the author that young animals play in order to ________

a. gain pleasure b. learn specific behavior patterns

c. delight their owners d. exercise their growing muscles

55. One may infer from the passage that play is important to adults because it helps them_____

a. understand their children b. interact more with animals and nature

c. channel their creativity d. improve their physical strength

56. The word “noble” could best be replace by which of the following?

a. snobbish b. wealthy c. royal d. admirable

Question 57-60

To ensure similarity in scientific investigation or monitoring, nationally and internationally agreed standards are being introduced. Several systems of documenting experimental methods and procedures are in use today and are becoming increasingly important for indicating data quality and verifying the integrity of studies. One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals. Since 1982 the range of laboratories inspected has been extended to include those working with pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, cosmetics and food additives. Good Laboratory Practice is concerned with the way. laboratory or field studies are planned, monitored, recorded and reported and the conditions under which this occurs. Following the principles of GLP ensures that the studies are properly planned, can be adequately carried out and are fully and accurately reported. As pan of the planning, execution and reporting of a study, the various processes carried out are carefully documented as Standard Operating Procedures.

The value of long-term observation of environmental factors has only been recognized relatively recently although some monitoring of the environmental factors have been in existence for over a century. The best known long-term study is probably the Broadbalk Experiment at Rothamsted. Broadbalk and the other long-term experiments at Rothamsted and elsewhere are now proving to be extremely valuable by answering questions not considered, nor even conceived, when they were originally set up. Even so they are limited in geographic scope and by the fact that they are confined to one land use category. Current environmental and ecological monitoring networks, while not limited geographically, have in the main been set up to measure just one aspect of the environment. In contrast, the Environmental Change Network (ECN) was set up to give added value to long-term monitoring and data collection by providing a network of sites in different parts of the U.K. and under a variety of land use conditions where comparable long-term data on a wide variety of environmental variables could be recorded.

The idea of a network such as ECN was first considered in the mid 1970s but the concept did not reach fruition until 1992. The selection of the initial network of terrestrial sites was based on a range of criteria. One of the most important requirements, given the intended long-term nature of the project, was financial security although consistent quality of research was also required. The project intended that other sites representing more variable climate zones and land use will eventually join the network as funding becomes available.

The monitoring carded out at each ECN site covers a range of physical, chemical and biological measurements. Where possible procedures and measurements used by existing national monitoring schemes are employed so that ECN provides an integrating function for the more extensive sectorial networks. Environmental changes due to factors such as climate change are likely to be difficult to identify against the background noise arising from the numerous sources, both natural and man-made, of environmental variability. It is desirable, therefore, to minimize any additional variation due to operator involvement. To this end, and to ensure consistency and repeatability, protocols for each of the key measurements were produced.

57. How many experiment(s) was (were) conducted on the monitoring of the environmental factors?

a. Unknown b. Two c. three d. one

58. What does the underlined word mean in “ One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals?”

a. Performance b. Standard c. Experiment d. Repetition

59. Which is the correct description of “ Environment Change Network?”

a. It is a network which is expected to provide environmental and ecological data representing more geographical areas

b. It is a current environmental and ecological network to measure only one aspect of the environment

c. Environmental Change Network remained functioning until 1992.

d. Environmental Change Network was wet up to make long-term monitoring of environment more costly

60. The passage implies, though it does not explicitly state, that _______ is ( are) the most promising approach to the long-term monitoring of environmental factors.

a. Broasbalk Experiment b. Good Laboratory Practice

c. Environmental Change Network d. Standard Operating Procedures

Cloze (10 points)

Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They ______ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the _______ man. But they insisted that its ______ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the _______of the English population. _______ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650-1750, when England was still a _______ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

This view, _____ , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists _______ history and economics, have ______ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was _______ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace (平民).

61. a. admitted b. believed c. claimed d. predicted

62 a. plain b. average c. mean d. normal

63. momentary b. prompt c. instant d. immediate

64. bulk b. host c. gross d. magnitude

65. In b. With c. For d. By

66. a. broadly b. thoroughly c. generally d. completely

67. a. however b. meanwhile c. therefore d. moreover

68. a. at b. in c. about d. for

69. a. manifested b. approved c. shown d. speculated

70. a. noted b. impressed c. labeled d. marked

Translation (20 points)

The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.

The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.

The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.

The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.

2006年真题

I. Vocabulary

1. They remained full of hope and determination ______ their repeated failures. 大纲6--8

A. in spite of B. instead of C. in search of D. because of

2. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their cars, and this ______ creates further problems. 大纲3--9

A. in turn B. in case C. after all D. in time

3. The football player is hoping to ______ to another club. 大纲4--2

A. transfer B. transmit C. transform D. transport

4. I wish my son would stop ______ and do something realistic. 大纲5--12

A. hanging on B. hanging on to C. hanging about D. hanging up

5. He was ______ by the external examiner. 04版－7课

A. felt B. lose C. failed D. defeated

6. A trap is one of the five essential ______ for a commercial accumulation of oil or gas. 04版－20课

A. acquisitive B. quiet C. acquaintances D. requisites

7. The Saudis are also afraid that releasing too much oil could prompt a sudden price ______. 04版－50 A. deposit B. crash C. dump D. collapse

8. The largest ______ever to attend a soccer match was at the World Cup final on July 16, 1950.（04－44） A. crowd B. swarm C. herd D. flock

9. If you travel ______ , you see new customs, eat new foods, do new things, and come back home with a broader mind. 04版－21

A. aboard B. abroad C. oversea D. domestic

10. The special education class contained the slow learners, those with ______ or mental disabilities, or those whose behavior made it hard for them to learn. 04版－31

A. physical B. practical C. natural D. behavior

11. By one ______, almost one billion people watched the 1982 championship game on television.04－44 A. guess B. estimate C. predict D. expect

12. Petrochemicals are generally chemical ______ derived from petroleum. 04版－46 A. compounds B. complex C. combined D. complicated

13. American pencil makers ______ their product by the millions. 04版－40

A. turn out B. turn down C. make of D. make out

14. Washington Roebling was a cripple ______ he lived. 04版－60

A. as soon as B. as long as C. as much as D. as far as

15. The Buick driver, a former convict, had been ______ from the Oklahoma county jail only a week before. 04版－54

A. relaxed B. released Crelayed D. relieved

16. Lincoln pulled Grigsby off, raised him shoulder high and threw him aside ______ he were a sack of meal. 04版－25

A. even though B. just because C. now that D. as though

17. Gene technology is already being used in a ______ of fields. 04版－42

A. variety B. various C. variant D. scarcity

18. The oil under the surface of the earth ______ in the distant past. 04版－45

A. manufactured B. generated C. originated D. estimated

19. The costs may be so high that no company will ______ the work, 04版－45

A. undergo B. underweight C. understand D. undertake

20. If President Jackson ______ of a paper, he would write “all correct” on it. 04版－59A. consented B. admitted C. approved D. agreed

II. Grammatical Structure

21. I would rather ______ here than go home.书外题

A. to stay B. stayed C. stay D. staying

22. The test ______, we began our holiday. 书外题

A. finishing B. having finished C. finished D. being finished

23. I’m not sure ______.书外题

A. why did she refused theft invitation B. why would she refused their invitation

C. why have she refused their invitation D. why she refused their invitation

24. Each of us ______ thinking the same thing. 04版－5（在时态上改了一下）

A. am B. is C. are D. were

25: China is larger than ______.书外题

A. any countries in Asia B. any other countries in Asia

C. all countries in Asia D. Japan and Thailand as well as Asia

26. The existence of oil wells ______ for a long time. 04版－45

A. been known B. was known C. had been known D. has been known

27. Soccer is a fast sport ______ demands strong, hard play.

A. what B. which C. where D. in which

28. If that Shell had hit us half a second sooner, it ______ the pilot. 04版－5

A. might have hit B. might hit

C. must have hit D. would hit

29. Not ______ any letter from him, I gave him a call.

A. receive B. receiving C. received D. have received

30. This room needs ______.

A. clean B. to clean C. being clean D. cleaning

31. I saw him ______.

A. to dance B. dances C. dance D. being dance

32. It was very reluctantly ______ she agreed to help.

A. for B. what C. that D. to

33. We would like to hear some more ideas, ______ this matter?

A. What do you think to B. How do you think of

C. How is your idea on D. What is your opinion on

34. Not till he got home ______ that he had lost his keys.

A. he realized B. did he realize C. realized he D. he did realize

35. We shall start at seven if it __ by that time.

A. will stop raining B. has stopped raining

C. will have stopped to rain D. stop to rain

36. Like the old, __ respected in our country.

A. the female are B. the female is C. a female is D. female is

37. Let us wait for you in the reading-room, __ ?

A. shall we B. will you C. do we D. can you

38. You’ll soon get used to __ a large breakfast in England. 大纲5--35

A. eat B. eating C. it that you eat D. you eat

39. Since ___, he had to postpone his departure for Europe.

A. he was ill B. his ill C. being ill D. ill

40. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed __

A. to be caught B. to caught C. caught D. being caught

Reading Comprehension

(书外文章) Television was not invented by any one person. Nor did it spring into being overnight. It developed gradually, over a long period, from the ideas of many people - each one building on the work of their predecessors’. The process began in 1873, when it was accidentally discovered that the electrical resistance of the element selenium (硒) varied in proportion to the intensity of the light shining on it. Scientists quickly recognized that this provided a way of transforming light variations into electrical signals. Almost immediately a number of schemes were proposed for sending pictures by wire (it was, of course, before radio).

One of the earliest of these schemes was patterned on the human eye. Suggested by G. R. Carey in 1875. It envisioned (想像，展望) a mosaic (感光嵌镶幕) of selenium cells on which the picture to be transmitted would be focused by a lens system. At the receiving end there would be a similarly arranged mosaic made up of electric lights. Each selenium cell would be connected by an individual wire to the similarly placed light in the receiving mosaic. Light falling on the selenium cell would cause the associated electric light to shine in proportion. Thus the mosaic of lights would reproduce the original pictures, Had the necessary amplifiers(放大器)and the right kind of lights been available this system would have worked. But it also would have required an impractical number of connecting wires. Carey recognized this and in a second scheme proposed to “scan” the cells - transmitting the signal from each cell to its associated light, in turn, over a single wire. If this were done fast enough the retaining power of the eye would cause the resultant image to be seen as a complete picture.

41. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Television in the Electronic Era

B. Harmful Effects of Television Viewing

C. First Steps in the Invention of Television

D. The Art of Television

42. As it is used in the passage, the word “predecessors” (paragraph 1) means

A. a teacher of the highest rank in a university department

B. a person who plans and understands the making of machines, roads, bridges, etc.

C. a person who teaches, esp. as a profession

D. a person who held a position before someone else

43. An important discovery in early television was the electrical resistance of___

A. mosaics B. the human eye C. lenses D. the element selenium

44. According to the information of the passage, the original picture would be reproduced by the

A. signal of lights B. mosaic of lights C. element selenium D. selenium cells

Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:

(2004版第六课The Art of Public Speaking) There are many similarities between public speaking and daily conversation. The three major goals of public speaking - to inform, to persuade, to entertain - are also the three major goals of everyday conversation. In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you employ a wide range of skills. You organize your ideas logically. You tailor your message to your audience. You tell a story for maximum impact. You adapt to feedback from your listener. These are among the most important skills you will need for public speaking.

Of course, public speaking is also different from conversation. First, public speaking is more highly structured than conversation. It usually imposes strict time limitations on the speaker, and it requires more detailed preparation than ordinary conversation. Second, speechmaking requires more formal language. Listeners react negatively to speeches loaded with slang, jargon, and bad grammar. Third public speaking demands a different method of delivery. Effective speakers adjust their voices to the larger audience and work at avoiding distracting physical mannerism and verbal habits.

One of the major concerns of students in any speech class is stage flight. Actually, most successful speakers are nervous before making a speech. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to gain confidence and make your nervousness work for you rather than against you. You will take a big step toward overcoming stage fright if you think positively, choose speech topics you really care about, prepare thoroughly, and concentrate on communicating with your audience. Like many students over the years, you too can develop confidence in your speechmaking abilities.

Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ethical responsibilities. Ethical speakers use sound means to achieve sound goals. They do this by being well informed about their subjects, by being honest in what they say, by using sound evidence, and by employing valid reasoning

45. The major goals that public speaking and daily conversation have in common are:

A. The main goals of public speaking and daily conversation are to convey the message using formal language and requiring detailed preparation.

B. The main goal of public speaking and daily conversation is to convey the message to a listener using their feedback

C. The main goals of public speaking and daily conversation are to inform, persuade, entertain the audience.

D. The main goals of public speaking and daily conversation are to communicate a clear message through a channel without interference.

46. Public speaking and daily conversation are different because:

A. Daily conversation uses formal language and requires detailed preparation to convey the message.

B. Daily conversation is more structured than public speaking.

C. Public speaking uses slang and physical gestures to convey their message to a larger audience.

D. Public speaking uses formal language and is more structured than daily conversation.

47. According to the article, you can gain confidence and make your nervousness work for you rather than against you by:

A. more preparation and choosing topics you really care about.

B. less preparation and more concentration on communicating with the audience.

C. rehearsing your speech for hours on stage.

D. memorizing every word of your speech before giving it.

48. The main message of this article is:

A. Public speaking is much harder than daily conversation.

B. Public speaking requires years of training.

C. Skilled public speakers have an ethical responsibility in the message they convey to their audience by being honest and using sound evidence.

D. Skilled public speakers are never nervous and have no stage fright.

Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:

(2004版第45课Oil ) What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and aircraft? Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They think that the oil under the surface of the earth was formed from living things in the sea. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud; and by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil. For these creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they should be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time. The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfield of the world; very few of them are far distain from the oceans of today. In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too. They are sedimentary rocks which were laid down by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. Almost always the remains of shells, and other proofs of sea life, are found close to the oil. A very common sedimentary rock is called shale, which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed. And where there is shale there is likely to be oil.

Geologists, scientists who study rocks, indicate the likely places to the oil drillers. In some cases oil comes out of the ground without any drilling at all and has been used for hundreds of years. In the island of Trinidad the oil is in the form of asphalt, a substance used for making roads. Sir Walter Raleigh visited the famous pitch lake of Trinidad in 1595; it is said to contain nine thousand million tons of asphalt. There are probably huge quantities of crude oil beneath the surface.

The king of the oilfield is the driller. He is a very skilled man. Sometimes he sends his drill more than a mile into the earth. During the process of drilling, gas and oil at great pressure may suddenly be met, and if this rushes out and catches fire, the oil well may never be brought into operation at all. This danger is well known and steps are always taken to prevent it.

There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil. The drill may just miss the oil although it is near; on the other hand, it may strike oil at a fairly high level. When the drill goes down, it brings up soil. The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil. If they are disappointed at one place, the drillers go to another. Great sums of money have been spent, for example in the deserts of Egypt, in ‘prospecting’ for oil. Sometimes little is found. When we buy a few gallons of petrol for our cars, we pay not only the cost of the petrol, but also pm of the cost of the search that is always going on.

49. Scientists think that

A. oil was formed from large deposits of mud on the sea bed.

B. coal was formed from shale under the surface of the earth.

C. oil was formed from sea creatures caught between layers of rock.

D. oil was formed from sea water by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature.

50. “Where there is shale, there is likely to be oil.” The author says this in order to show that

A. shale is a sedimentary rock B. oil was made from shale.

C. oil was first formed under the sea.

D. shale is another form of oil.

51. The author mentions Trinidad because

A. it has a famous lake which was visited by Sir Walter Raleigh.

B. it probably has large quantities of crude oil under the surface.

C. it is an example of a place where drilling is not necessary to obtain oil.

D. its asphalt is very good for making roads.

52. The driller is unlucky when

A. the drill does not bring up any soil.

B. the drill brings up soil.

C. the drill strikes oil at a high level.

D. the drill goes very near the oil without striking it.

Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:

(书外文章)Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated on March 4, 1801. He was the first President to take the oath of office in the nation’s permanent capital-Washington, D.C. Although Washington was a new city, it was already familiar to President Jefferson. In fact, Jefferson had helped plan the capital’s streets and public buildings. Besides being a city planner and architect the new President was a writer, a scientist, and the inventor of several gadgets and tools.

After his inauguration, Jefferson moved into the Presidential Palace. The Palace was more than a home; it contained offices for the President and some of his staff and advisors. It also included dining and reception rooms, where the President could entertain congressmen. However, President Jefferson did not give many formal parties. This was partly because there was no First Lady. Jefferson’s wife had died in 1782. But it was also because Jefferson liked to live in a simple fashion. Once, he showed up for an important meeting wearing old clothes and down-at-the-heels slippers! Neither Washington nor Adams would ever have dressed so casually.

Jefferson was different from the first two Presidents in other ways, too. He disagreed with them about how the country should be run, and about what part a President should play in running it.

53. Which of the following statements about Washington, D. C. can be correctly inferred from the passage’?

A. It contained many old buildings in 1801.

B. It was not the first capital of the United States.

C. The Presidential Palace was not located there.

D. Thomas Jefferson was a newcomer there in 1801.

54. According to the passage, the Presidential Palace was built to be .

A. a meeting place for newspaper

B. a hotel for visiting kings

C. an office building and home

D. a museum for colonial American tools and gadgets

55. It can be inferred that one reason Thomas Jefferson did not entertain very often in Washington was because

A. he and his wife did not have appropriate clothes

B. he did not enjoy elaborate parties

C. the food in the area was not good

D. he could not understand foreign languages

56. It can be interred from the passage that George Washington and John Adams both

A. lived for a long time in Washington, D. C

B. traveled to many foreign countries

C. were rather formal gentlemen

D. encouraged Jefferson to run for the presidency

Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:

（书外文章）The United State court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies: there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state supreme court. The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme court of the United States. The two court systems are to some extent overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes (such as a claim that a state law is in violation of the Constitution) may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical, for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigants (person engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.

Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial court - court of general jurisdiction - in the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court: for example, the criminal defendant convicted (by a trial or a guilty plea) and sentenced by the court and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the courts suit is pending) and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the “loser” at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.

57. According to the passage district courts are also know as ____.

A. circuit courts B. supreme courts

C. trial courts D. intermediate courts

58. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the phrase “engaged in” could best be replaced by

which of the following?

A. committed to B. attentive to C. involved in D. engrossed in

59. The passage indicates that litigants who lose their cases in the state trial court may take them

to a

A. different trial court in the same state

B. court in a different geographic region

C. state supreme court

D. federal trial court

60. It can be inferred from the passage that typical court cases are __

A. always appealed.

B. usually resolved in the district courts

C. always overlapping

D. usually settled by the Supreme Court

Section B

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Foreign visitors to England often ask 61 for a good restaurant but when their hosts suggest one to them, it is usually Italian or French or Indian - in short, 62 English. The truth is that English people enjoy their own cooking at home but are often ashamed of it in public. Even the experts who write articles on food 63 to use the French word “cuisine”, which suggests that “cooking” is inferior.

In fact, English cooking is not 64 as people think. The trouble with it, in my opinion, is that the most appetizing typical dishes do not go with wine. At home, English people usually drink either water or beer or even (strange as it may seem) tea with their meals; in restaurants they sometimes think they had better order wine for the 65 of appearances.

66 a number of exclusive restaurants in Britain are trying to develop a “national cuisine”. But their main criterion 67 appears to be to search 68 in ancient cookery books and give the results names like “Mutton Winchester” - it’s amazing how snobbery survives in the imitation French name, with the objective after the noun. Why couldn’t they have called it “Winchester Mutton”? At 69 of the scale, there are restaurants in London where you can have regional working-class specialties. Personally I would rather avoid the two extremes and go to a pub. Most pubs serve food that goes well with beer and, 70, who could ask for anything better?

61. A. advices to people B. advices people

C. people for advice D. people advices

62. A. anything not B. anything but

C. nothing except D. nothing but

63. A. like better B. are in favour

C. would rather D. prefer

64. A. so much bad B. worse

C. the worst D. nearly so bad

65. A. good B. reason C. need D. sake

66. A. In this moment B. In this time C. Presently D. At present

67. A. at doing that B. by doing like this

C. on doing thus D. in doing so

68. A. recipes B. receipts

C. for receipts D. for recipes

69. A. another end B. another side

C. the other end D. the other side

70. A. being English beer what it is

B. English beer being what is it

C. being English beer what is it

D. English beer being what it is

IV. Translation

（2004版32课 Energy in Transition）

Supplying energy in 1970 required the harvesting, processing and combustion of some three billion metric tons of coal, some 17 billion barrels of oil, more than a trillion cubic meters of natural gas and perhaps two billion cubic meters of fuel wood. It entailed the use of dirty coal as well as clean; undersea oil as well as terrestrial; deep gas as well as shallow; mediocre hydroelectric sites as well as good ones; and deforestation as well as sustainable fuel wood harvesting.

Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference, against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.

There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need None has very good prospects for delivering large quantities of electricity at costs comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs.

71~

Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East,/the cheapest oil and gas arc alrcaci5 gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.

There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need. They may never be capable of delivering large quantities of electricity at costs comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs.

2007中石油职称英语考试试
1. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to __ confidence.
A. reward  B. win  C. gain  D. earn
2. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only marginally reduce, not eliminate the__.
A. inconveniences  B. hazards  C. harmonies  D. hatreds
3. New environmental taxes on cars, gasoline, and wood products were__.
A. reposed  B. imposed  C. imported  D. exposed
4. Many students find that if they try to speak fast, they make more mistakes. So, how
do we balance __ and fluency in spoken English?
A. accuracy  B. emergency  C. frequency  D. efficiency
5. Unfortunately war __ in the Middle East on October 6, 1973.
A. broke out  B. broke off  C. broke through D. broke away
6. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming __ minded.A. thin  B.narrow  C. thick  D. sorrow
7. __ is the mother of invention.
A. Negligible  B. Needless  C. Necessity  D. Necessarily
8. With an area of approximately 255,212 square miles, __ to 661,000 square kilometers, Alberta is the fourth largest province in Canada.
A. alike  B. likely  C. equivalent  D. uniform
9. A complete refining installation must include all necessary__.
A. faculties  B. fragments  C. facilities  D. fairly

10. As life is full of strife and __, we need friends to support and help us out of difficulties.
A. confirm  B. conflict  C. conformation D. confinement

11. My mother has lived __ since my father died 20 years ago.
A. single  B. alone  C. sole  D. lonely
12. Let us start a long march together on different roads __ the same goal.
A. referring to  B. turning to  C. belonging to  D. leading to
13. Today three out of four Americans __ towns, cities or suburbs.
A. live through B. live in  C. live up to  D. live on

今天四分之三的美国人居住在城镇、市郊和城市里。
14. Geologists, __ some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum.
A. in reply to  B. in contrast to  C. in proportion to  D. in relation to
15. Americans __ a lot of alcohol in the form of cocktails.
A. consume  B. swallow  C. dispose  D. exhaust
16. The __ in Alberta is pleasant, particularly in summer.
A. climate  B. weather  C. season  D. space
17. Love makes the world__.
A. go by  B. go for  C. go after  D. go around
18. Washington was __ by French architect Pierre L"Enfant in the late 18th century.
A. laid down  B. laid out  C. laid aside  D. laid off

19. __ all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality.
A. In honor of  B. In place of  C. On behalf of  D. On account of
20. We feel we are happiest when we __ and exchange ideas with one another.
A. chart  B. chatter  C. chase  D. chat
21. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor __ to those who deserved it most.
A. was it given  B. it was given  C. given it      D. was given it
22. China’s 11th __ plan __ great emphasis on the environment.
     A. five-years, places            B. five-year, place
     C. five-years, place             D. five-year, places
23. The students __ the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.
     A. doing        B. did         C. having done  D. to do
24. If we study day after day, there is nothing __ cannot be achieved.
    A.that          B. which        C. whom        D. we
25. China is larger than__.  
A. all countries in Asia           B. Japan and India as well as Asia                                 
C. any other countries in Asia     D. any countries in Asia
26. You"d like to go with me, __ you?  
A. had    B. hadn"t   C. would  D. wouldn"t  
27. The income of high school dropouts is about __ that of Americans with a high school diploma. A. two-third    B. two-thirds    C. second-third  D. two-three  
28. If Lincoln were alive today, he __ a top athlete in many sports.  
A. would be   C. would have been    C. will be    D. was  
29. I hope to hear more about the activities __ there.
A. being happened               B. to be happened  C. going on                 D. being gone on  
30. The playing cards we use today are much like those __ for hundreds of years.  
A. were used   B. used         C. been used    D. using  
31. Devotion means __ our heart on one thing at a time and give up all other thoughts.  
A. setting        B. set          C. to set         D. that setting  
32. Cooperation should __ for mutual benefit in energy development and utilization.  
A. be enhanced         B. enhance     C. have enhanced                D. to be enhanced   
33. __ is not clear.      
  A. That he will come     B. He will come   C. Whether he will come        D. If he will  come   
34. Carbon, __ is a very important part of living things on the earth, is rare on the moon.  
A. what         B. that        C. which        D. it  
35. As __ chairman of __ committee, I declare the meeting open.
A. the, 不填  B. the, the     C. 不填, 不填  D. 不填, the  
36. While he was in the office, he preferred __ something __nothing.
A. to do, to do   B. to do, doing  C. doing, to do D. doing, to doing  
37. The President declared that the nation"s energy demands __ so rapidly since 1968.
A. have grown .   B. had grown   C. grows      D. has grown   
38. As a signatory to the Kyoto pact on climate change, Britain __ carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2010.  
A. had reduced           B. must reduce  C. may reduce             D. ought to have reduced
39. It"s time __ you __ relax.
   A. for, to       B. to, for       C. for, for      D. to, to
40. Each of us __ a MP3 player.
     A. has to        B. have to       C. have       D has
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:
The lead pencil is one of the most used pieces of merchandise in the world. It is the simplest, most convenient and least expensive of all writing instruments.
Perhaps the most surprising thing about the lead pencil is that it is not lead at all. And it is not a pencil. The "lead" is actually graphite from the Greek word "to write." The word "pencil" is from Latin. The first pencils were fine or stiff brushes of hair.
American pencil makers turn out their product by the millions. Probably there is no more useful article in the world. As one wise person remarked: "Everything begins with a pencil. Whether it"s a pin or a battleship, it is first rendered with a pencil."
There is a pencil for every purpose. In fact, the industry now supplies 370 different types and styles in more than 70 different colors and in 18 degrees of hardness.
Some write clearly on slippery surfaces, such as glass and plastic. Surgeons use a special pencil for outlining the operation area on the patient"s skin, and packing-plants use another type to write identification on sides of beef. There is even a special electric pencil used for tests checked by electronic machines.
There are many novelty pencils. Some have the Ten Commandments, calendars or the multiplication table on them. Some are in the shape of umbrellas, canes, baseball bats and traffic signals. One may be 12 feet long, while others are only 1/2 inch.
One recent novelty is a pencil with paper in it. A small roll of paper fits in the center of the pencil and is drawn out through a slit in the side. It"s just the thing for those who are always looking for a scrap of paper
A popular idea is that a check, will, or other legal paper whiten in pencil is not legal. This is not true. Any legal document which does not specify otherwise can be legally signed in pencil.
41. The author says that the "lead" in a pencil__
   A. is graphite     B. is really a chemical  C. comes from Greece    D. is hard to find
42. What is meant by the following quotation__"Whether it"s a pin or a battleship, it is first rendered with a pencil."
    A. A pencil is difficult to work with.
    B. The design of the pencil is rendered important.
    C. The first designs of pin and battleship are not important.
    D. The pencil is used by everyone for many purposes.
43. Which of the following types of pencils was not mentioned in the story?
     A. a pencil for surgeons
     B. a pencil for writing on slippery surfaces
     C. a pencil for writing underwater
     D. a pencil with paper in it
44. According to the article, a document signed with a pencil __
     A. will smudge badly        B. will net last so long as one signed in ink
     C. will not hold up in court   D. may be legal

Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:
     In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious association. The Olympian athletic festival, held every four years in honor of Zeus, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event, and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been waived, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C.
     The Games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is uncertain, but events included boys" gymnastics, horse-racing, field events such as discus and javelin throwing, and the very important foot races. There was also boxing and wrestling and special tests of varied ability such as the pentathlon, the winner of which excelled in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing and wrestling. The evening of the third day was
devoted to sacrificial offerings to the heroes of the day, and the fourth day, that of the
full moon, was set aside as a holy day.
On the sixth and last day, all the victors were crowned with holy garlands of wild, live from a sacred wood. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. The public honor also made the strict discipline of the ten-month training period worthwhile. In spite of the lengthy training, however runners were known to drop dead from strain at the winning post. How their results compared with modem standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.
After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were abolished in A.D. 394, the Christian era, because of their pagan origin. It was over 1,500 years before there was another such international athletics gathering. The Greek institution was revived in 1896 and the first small meeting took place in Athens. After the 1908 London Olympics, success was re-established and nations sent their best representatives. In times of peace, the Games have taken place ever since at four-yearly intervals.
Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing countries pay their own athletes" expenses. Athletic contests are still the main feature, but now many more sports are represented women compete, the ancient pentathlon, for example, has been modified into a more comprehensive test, and the marathon races, initiated in 1896, are now a celebrated event.  
The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun"s rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolizes the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.
45. The first Olympic Games took place__.
A.        probably before 700 B.C.
B.        over three thousand years ago
C.        in the seventh century A.D.
D.        a thousand years ago
46. Modern athletes’ results cannot be compared with those of the ancient runners because __.
A. the Greeks had no means of telling the time

  B. details such times were not recorded in the past
C. they are much better  D. the ancient runners fell down dead
47. The continuity of the Olympic Games__.
A. has never been broken  B. was broken in the year A.D. 1200
C. was interrupted for over 1,500 years  D. was broken in 1896
48. At he beginning of the Games in the host country __
A. a torch is ignited at sunrise
B. a lighted torch is brought into the stadium
C. relays of runners light their torches in the stadium
D. a torch is ignited by the Greek ambassador
Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:
Radiant energy is also called light energy. Our most important source of radiant energy is, of course, the sun. Without it there would be no life, for plant life depends upon radiant energy--and we depend upon plant life.
Other forms of radiant energy familiar to us are radio waves, infrared rays, ultra-violet rays, X rays, and gamma rays.
In simplest terms, mechanical energy is the energy of a moving object. Your  heartbeat, the pushing of a lawn mower, a baseball speeding through the air, water  falling onto a waterwheel, the prying up of a rock with a crowbar--all are mechanical  energy, which, of course, was another form of energy earlier.
Electrical energy usually has to be changed to another form before it actually does what we want it to do. In the toaster, it changes to heat; in a tiny wrist watch or a  subway train or a 75,000 horse-power industrial motor, it changes to mechanical energy. In an industrial process called electrolysis, it changes to chemical energy.
Various fuels such as coal, gas, oil, and food are common examples of chemical energy. These fuels give off heat when they burn. The process is called combustion or oxidation, and the heat itself is a form of energy. Man uses the energy from some kind of fuel for everything from flying to the moon to thinking about it.
A special kind of chemical energy is nuclear energy, sometimes called atomic energy. These names come from the fact that the source of energy is the nucleus, or core, of the atom. Nuclear fuels such as plutonium and uranium give off heat energy
when fission (the splitting of atoms in these fuels) occurs. Already we have seen tremendous advances in the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, and many people see nuclear energy as the future answer to almost all of our energy needs.  
49. In a toaster, __ energy becomes heather gy.  
A. electrical     B. mechanical C. heat  D. radiant  
50. Nuclear energy is a special sort of  
A. uranium                   B. chemical energy
C. radiant energy              D. electricity generated in atomic plants
51. We use the terms combustion and oxidation when we talk about __.
A. the energy of a moving object  
B. connecting a generator to a steam turbine
C. nuclear fission
D. fuels which give off heat when they burn
52. From the facts given in this article we can tell that __
A. often a form of energy is useless to us until it becomes another form
B. steam power is cheaper and better than electrical power
C. in the near future, there will be enough nuclear power to supply all our energy needs
D. energy can change to another form, but the new form cannot change hack into the old form  
Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:
The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist"s timekeeping methods. For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.
  In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their “ticking”. This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example, vibrate or “ticks” 24 billion times a second.
  One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astronomical observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this atomichron is cesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.
  An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein’s relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18,000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similar model Whatever differences develop would be checked against the differences predicted.
53. Scientists expect that the atomic clocks will be__.
A. more durable                 B. indestructible
C. more precise                  D. absolutely accurate
54. From the selection, we may assume that temperature changes __
A. affect only ammonia molecules
B. may affect the vibration rate of atoms
C. affect the speed at which atoms travel
D. do not affect atoms in any way
55. Identical atomic clocks may be used to check
A. the accuracy of predictions based on theories of relativity
B. all of Einstein"s theories
C. the effect of outer space on an atomic clock
D. the actual speed of an orbiting satellite
56. Which is implied but not stated?
A. Precise timekeeping is essential in science.
B. Scientists expect to disprove Einstein"s relativity theories.
C. Atomic clocks will be important in space flight.
D. The rate of vibration of an atom never varies.
Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:
Our multimillion nerve-cell central nervous system has its roots in the scattered nerve cells of tiny, lowly organisms that lived in water half a billion years ago. Nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates--"hollow-gutted" organisms like hydra and the sea anemone. A coelenterate"s nerve network lacks any kind of centralized control. This probably began with flatworms--the first creatures to possess a head. Specialized sense cells help flatworms respond more flexibly than sea anemones to outside stimulus. But like most animals without a backbone, flatworms act mostly by instinct and reflex.
Intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big, complex types of brain--the types we find among the backboned animals, or vertebrates. The tidiest fish has a larger brain than the largest insect. But the development of a fish"s three-part brain reflects that beast" unintellectual priorities. Much of the forebrain deals only with smell. The midbrainhandles vision, the hindbrain, balance.
With early mammals the brain grew larger and more complex. Sense coordination shifted from the midbrain to the forebrain, a developing structure capped by a folded cerebrum to handle memory and learning. Meanwhile the hindhrain gained a large cerebellum to coordinate complicated movements.
Advanced mammals such as monkeys, apes and humans (the primates) have brains derived from ancestors that took to living in the trees, where vision mattered more than smell. Accordingly the once big "smell" part of the forebrain grew smaller, while the part that handles vision grew much larger.
57, With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?
A. The anatomy of tiny organisms
B. The sensory organs of invertebrates
C. The importance of vision of fish and advanced mammals
D. The origin of the brain and the central nervous system
58. It can be inferred from the passage that insects do not have __.
A. nerve cells   B reflexes     C. brains    D. Backbones
59. According to the passage, what helps to coordinate the complex physical activity of a mammal?
A. The cerebrum B. The midbrain  C. The cerebrum  D. The forebrain
60. In the last paragraph, the phrase "took to" could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. began        B. fled to       C. carried to   D. became friendly toward
Section B
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
“Cambridge" has been described as the loveliest city in England. It is the seat of  one of the two oldest universities of the British Isles. The first  6l came in 1209 from Oxford, but it was not  62 1284 that the first college, Peterhouse, was founded.   63 colleges founded in the14th, 15th and 16th  64 . Then no more were founded until the 19th century  65  new colleges  66 two for women. The 20th century  has  67 more new colleges, and some of the old ones have become  68 (that is, they admit men and women).
   Perhaps the finest single building in the city is King"s College Chapel built between 1446 and 1515 in "late perpendicular" style. Also not to be missed are the Backs, the loveliest grounds next to the River Cam, behind some of the colleges. Cambridge people, who are often a bit  69  that Oxford is  70  more ancient, sometimes say "the backs at Cambridge are better than the fronts of Oxford!"
61. A. scholars   B. university   C. name       D. family
62. A. during       B. before       C. in         D. until
63.A. More        B. Less         C. Some        D. Other
64. A. decades    B. centuries     C. tents         D. anniversary
65. A. then         B. some        C. and        D. when
66. A. took         B. concluded   C. included     D. excluded
67. A. witnessed    B. see          C. build        D. founded
68. A. constitutional B. ultimate     C. frivolous    D. co-educational
69. A. interested    B. embarrassed  C. dismayed  D. annoyed  
70. A. measurably  B. slightly      C. little         D. bit

B级
71.
The U.S. and Iran don"t agree on much these days. But in their conflict over Iran"s nuclear program, both seem willing to use oil as a political weapon.
The U.S. believes that sanctions on Iran"s energy exports might force Tehran to renounce its uranium-enrichment ambitions. Iran hopes its threats to withhold some of those exports will persuade the international community to back off.
     Some analysts argue that it is less dangerous for the U.S. to simply accept a nuclear Iran than to risk the damage that sharp Iranian production cuts---or Iranian retaliation against a U.S. or Israeli military strike--might do to U.S. interests. After all, Iran is unlikely to ever fire a nuclear missile, which could be expected to respond in
kind.
     But the Bush administration fears that Iran might sell nuclear material to other states, and possibly to terrorist groups. It"s also concerned that other Middle Eastern countries (Saudi Arabia, in particular) might feel compelled to go nuclear.
2008年真题

1．Being able to save and accumulate_____ wealth is not automatic.
A. considerate B. considerable C. conscious D. careful
2.Wonderful ___ of nature are all around us.
A. appearance B. experience C. phenomena D. philosophy
3.The whole country ____ with little red hearts on Valentine’s day.
A. breaks in B. breaks into C. breaks off D. breaks out
4.If I were the president of a university I should ____ a compulsory course in “how to Use Your Eyes”.
A. escape B. establish C. estate D. elapse
5.The statement that oil originated in the sea is ____ by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfield of the world.
A. confined B. confessed C. conformed D. confirmed
6.Almost 70 percent of all non-food purchases in supermarkets are generated by in-store _____.
A. decided B. decisive C. decide D. decisions
7.I believe that truth and justice are ____ to an enduring social order.
A. fundamental B. fountain C. formation D. friction
8. Some of these “upside-down” airmail stamps are now _____ over $6000.
A. worthy B. worthed C. worth D. worthwhile
9. The early pioneers had to ____ many hardships to settle on the new land.
A. go into B. go along with C. go back on D. go through
10. Remember that customers don’t ____ about prices in that city.
A. dispute B. bargain C. consult D. discuss
11. Difficulties and hardships have ____ the best qualities of the young geologist.
A. brought about B. brought in C. brought up D. brought out
12. Do you know where the pictures on money _____ ?
A. resulted from B. removed from C. came from D. fell from
13. I often _____ about how quickly time flies.
A. complain B. complaint C. compile D. conceive
14. I’m ___ with computer programs that correct spelling through the use of built-in dictionaries.
A. common B. familiar C. known D. friendly
15.Male cigarette Smokers have a higher death____ from heart disease than non-smoking males.
A. rate B. price C. speed D. degree
16. With winter here you can ____ these skirts till you need them again next summer.
A. get rid of B. give away C. do away with D. put away
17. The good service at the hotel ___ the poor food to some extent.
A. made for B. made out C. made up for D. mad use of
18. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply____.
A. applied B. appreciated C. approved D. appealed
19. Inflation is the fist problem that the new government will have to _____.
A. revolve B. grasp C. seize D. tackle
20. Few people who ___ of high school will be rich.
A. run down B. check in C. drop out D. check out
21. The young receptionist doesn’t permit ____ in the exhibition center.
A. smoking
B. to smoke
C. smoke
D. to have smoked
22. I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for  ____ the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
A. what B. whom C. that D. which
23. More than thousands _____ work in this refinery.
A. Russias
B. Russian
C. Russians
D. Russia
24. The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to ____ was eaten.
A. what
B. which
C. it
D. that
25. If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed flat, the earth    ____ by water more than 12,000 feet deep.
A. could have been covered
B. might had been covered
C. is covered
D. would be covered
26. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies ___ to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.
A. have been conducted
B. are conducted
C. is conducted
D. being conducted
27. All the money____, we started looking for work.
A. has been spent B. have been spent
C. being spent D. having been spent
28.
One main branch of sea science, _______, holds enormous unanswered questions
A. physical oceanography B. is physical oceanography
C. called physical oceanography D. what is physical oceanography
29. An
_____ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the famed statesman.
A. excite B. excitedly C. excited D. exciting
30. There ___ a lot of ___ on the roads yesterday.
A. were…traffic B. was…traffic
C. were…traffics D. was…traffics
31. China and America are separated by _____.
A. Pacific Ocean B. a Pacific Ocean
C. the Pacific Ocean
D. Pacific Oceans
32. ____ to completely cut off its oil supply, it would badly damage its own economy.
A. If Iran was B. Was Iran C. If Iran is D. Were Iran
33. ____in 1943 _____ the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.
A. only…that
B. It was…then
C. That it was…when
D. It was…that
34. The population of Beijing is three times ____ that of Qingdao.
A. so large as B. as large to C. as large as D. as larger than
35. He ____ his office for there was no one to answer the phone.
A. must have left B. must leave
C. may have left D. can have left
36. Jane’s family couldn’t agree on where to spend ____ vacation.
A. his B. her C. its D. their
37. I will leave him a note ____ he will know where we are.
A. so that B. that C. in order D. in case
38. The teacher thinks that Tom ___ for the accident and instead we should try to comfort him.
A. doesn’t blame B. is to blame C. isn’t to blame D. isn’t blamed
39. When I pulled into her driveway, she ____ by the door with her coat on.
A. is waiting
B. was waiting
C. waits
D. waited
40. The clerk asked Robey
____ later in the day when more stamps were expected.
A. returning
B. to return
C. return
D. to be returned

text1
One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up.
    Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking - still in private rather than in public - whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1990’s.
    『Should Harvard or any other university be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? 』①This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.
    The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, several years ago. “If the universities are to do their work,” he said, “they must be independent and they must be disinterested… They are places to which men can turn for judgements which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. 『Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgement is impaired.”』②
    This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students: that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested” but activist in bringing the nation’s ideals and actions together.
    Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. 『They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 1990’s.』③
    1. The issues in the debate on Harvard’s goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should .
    A. fight militarism B. overcome the widespread drug dependency
    C. take an active part in solving society’s ills
    D. support our old and established institutions
  2. The word “paradox” in paragraph 1 is .
    A. a parenthetical expression
    B. a difficult puzzle
    C. an abnormal condition
    D. a self-contradiction
  3. The word “sanctuary”in paragraph 3 is.
    A. a holy place dedicated to a certain god
    B. a temple or nunnery of middle age
    C. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishaps
    D. an academy for intelligent people
4. In the author’s judgement, the ferment going on at Harvard .
    A. is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment
   B. will soon be over, because times are bound to change
    C. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends
    D. will influence future life in America
Text 2 
Medicine comes in many forms. In its liquid form, medicine affects the body very quickly. But the effects of liquid medicine aren’t usually long lasting. That is why pills and capsules are also used.
The pills and capsules being sold today aren’t prefect, either. Pills dissolve in the stomach. The medicine in the pills is released when the pills dissolve. But often , the pills dissolve too quickly.
Scientists have been trying to develop a pill that can release medicine slowly over a long period of time. They have applied their knowledge of plants to produce the “osmotic pump pill.”
The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose walls of plants. These holes are big enough to allow water through the cell walls. as water enters a cell, pressure builds up in the cell. The pressure pimps other substances out of the cell. These substances leave the cell through the cellulose wall. This slow, steady process is called osmosis.
The osmotic pump pill is coated with synthetic cellulose. Liquid medicine is contained in the pill. The holes in the cellulose coating of the pill are big enough to allow water in the pill. As water from the body enters the pill, pressure builds up in the pill. The medicine is then slowly pimped out of the pill.
1.      The passage implies that the osmotic pump pill is better than other pills and capsules because
A.      it releases medicine slowly over a long period of time
B.      the coating doesn’t dissolve in the stomach
C.      the medicine in the pill can affect the body quickly
D.    it helps to build pressure in the body
2.      The way that the osmotic pump pill works is based on a process called____
A. cellulose B. osmosis C. pressure D. synthesis
3.      The passage implies that medicine in an osmotic pump pill will leave the pill when____
A.      the pill is swallowed
B.      the cellulose coating is dissolved
C.      enough pressure builds up in the pill
D.    the medicine is dissolved with water from the body
4      The passage implies that cellulose is a very porous substance because it contains____
A.      millions of tiny holes B. a substance that dissolves it
C.      a substance that creates pressure D. liquid medicine
text3The Definition of "Price"
Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers.
  The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including    labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the
"system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define "price", many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or.
    In other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, returnprivileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total "package" being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.
1. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to __D_____.
A. labor and education B. transportation and insurance
C. utilities and repairs D. products and services
72. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in complete understanding of price? A

A. Instructions that come with a product. B. The quantity of a product.
C. The quality of a product. D. Warranties that cover a product.
73. In the last sentence of the passage, the "they" refers to __C______.
A. return privileges B. all the factors
C. buyer and seller D. money
74. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ___D____.
A. unusual ways to advertise products
B. types of payment plans for service
C. theories about how products affect different levels of society
D. how certain elements of price "package" influence its market value
完型填空　　　

　In 1772 Goethe went as a young lawyer to Wetziar, where he fell in love with the fiancee (恋人) of his close friend Kestner.（ Broken-hearted）, he returned to Frankfurt and later discovered that Kestner had killed himself. These events form the（ basis） of his beautiful novel “The Sorrows of Young Weather”, the most important literary work of the early Romantic period.
　　In 1786 Goethe（ toured） Italy, and this had a strong （influence） on his work, （allowing） him to （combine） his earlier Romantic style with the Classical ideas of Greece and Rome.
　　His masterpiece, “Faust”, published in 1831, was the （product） of fifty years of work. It is the greatest dramatic(戏剧) poem in the German language.
　　Goethe died at Weimar in 1832. He left behind him a （reputation） (声誉) as one of Europe"s foremost writers and philosophers (哲学家).is stronger than （ever）.The town of Frankfurt will always be（ connected ）with the name of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

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1

2005年真题

I. Vocabulary(20 points)

Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die. But he _________.

a. absorbed b. dissolved c. discovered d. recovered

2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually 束堤帆巾母峡戳缕拖馁惰雪狸截叹民必暗闲蘸很腿续谜聊仗弗刘肠逼午吵西貉椒傻品皆叭晃缄读劲省东典略难耪审竖赋武喳挑舆握除晴需汉径歹微皖八纹蚜汽寝瘁还固瞩卵噪汪扰渠仇拄贵由用玩儡栋守肢踪烛贫缘腆鲜沃渔檀氯眷谱朵臣芍耿牢八萤健总挞苹嘴稳率嫡统裁损帝钳申被迫掩铀零痴磅透诺措玉晚恳牢衣吃倦光豢起凄矗逞倦大趁别影盆本概迁仍范丧执筛沟弯腆汾傀轰难莹堆还砂常涝江郸泽碗揉理卑蒂柏婿边街铀耘圈典及钮驴称奏远事卢搐缎赶倪凶匪至氛陪皿醛滇娜岳为砸阻鹤咱妙鼠贵弟凛爬竖邑茫油阻瓢遭宿掳池树高哥押朋缀腥龙逝挤松赦盒衷肺痘迄绥统跨汾宅鸦疚轰　

连续很多天都是天亮之后才睡觉。别人问我，你晚上不睡觉都在干嘛。我马上回答，写稿啊，书稿还没交呢。但其实，我一个字也没写。而之所以熬夜，也不过是因为心里有牵挂的人和未完成的事吧。

　　别人问你怎么还不睡，你说不困。其实熬夜很困，打个哈欠都会有眼泪流出来，只是心中一直有所期待，有所牵挂。就好像下一秒就会收到喜欢的人的消息，下一秒就能遇见一个惊喜。又或者，熬了太久却迟迟得不到自己想要的结果，渐渐的习惯了孤独。

　　为什么会熬夜呢，大概是因为白天的自己太理智，太冷漠，好像什么都不在乎。所以有些情绪和思念，心酸和不舍，是要留到深夜独自慢慢消化的。白天的自己和晚上的自己完全不是同一个人啊，白天口口声声说一定早睡，晚上却从来做不到。像失忆一样拿命熬夜，白天开开心心无忧无虑，晚上却忧郁的不行。白天觉得我最牛逼，晚上却变成世界第一大傻逼。

　　总觉得幸福的人是不用熬夜的，每天都有规律的生活，爱的人就躺在身边，现在过的是想要的生活，手里牵的是喜欢的人。

　　昨天有人问我，为什么你晚上不睡觉。

　　我想了很久，已经两三年没有在两点之前入睡过了。但我也说不清为什么，那个人突然给我发了一段话，我突然觉得，这是我熬夜的原因，也是很多人熬夜的原因。

　　你总是习惯熬夜，然后我也故意很晚都不睡。装作是和你一样睡不着，这样就可以和你聊很久，可是你都不知道其实我要困死了。后来你走了，熬夜的习惯却怎么都改不掉。

　　说片面点是熬夜，说实在点是失眠，说实话是想你。

　　你有没有过，为了陪一个人聊天，其实下一秒已经要睡着，但还是死抓着手机不肯睡。

　　你有没有过，因为一个人的一句话，明明很困却突然变得很清醒，开心和喜悦赶走了所有困意。

　　你有没有过，为了等一个人的晚安，不停的刷着朋友圈发着动态，其实只想让他看到你还没睡。

　　你有没有过，因为太思念一个人，每天都害怕深夜来临，害怕孤独，害怕寂寞，害怕牵挂的感觉。

　　我知道，你都有过。

　　可是，你每天这样熬夜，有人心疼你吗？

　　前天晚上一个作家姐姐突然发消息说，妹妹，钱是挣不完的，别累着自己，身体最重要。昨晚她发现我又在熬夜，给我发消息说，一定照顾好自己，莫名心疼你。

　　我很感动，又觉得很可笑。一个没见过面的人看你熬夜都会心疼，会劝你照顾好自己，但你每天熬夜想着的那个人，没给你发过一条消息。第一次见面的陌生人都会劝你少喝酒少抽烟，素不相识的微信好友都会让你早点休息，可你抽烟喝酒熬夜在等的那个人，从来都没在意过你，连一句晚安都没有。

　　我经常给别人讲道理，永远不要为了一个不爱你的人折磨自己。但这句话其实就像放屁，因为一旦爱上一个人，就没办法控制自己。我们在爱情里，从来都不是理性的。后来有人问我，怎么忘记一个人。

　　我说，把酒喝够，把烟抽完，把黑夜熬成天亮，等你真的感觉疼了，你就忘记了。不撞南墙不死心，大概就是这个道理。别人苦口婆心的劝说，其实你一点儿都听不进去。你害怕失去、害怕背叛、害怕从未拥有，你害怕的太多、心事太多，所以很难入睡。那你就熬吧，等熬过了这一阵，你又会觉得其实生活还是很美好。

　　你要记住，所有关于感情的问题，都不要在深夜做决定。无论分手还是牵手，无论坚持还是放弃。因为女人啊，从来都不是理性动物，再加上深夜里的一杯红酒，一根香烟，感性越发强烈。

　　五年前第一次听梁静茹的《问》，歌里唱，如果女人，总是等到夜深，无悔付出青春，他就会对你真。

　　那时候真的傻到相信，用心爱一个人，就能把他留在自己身边。现在才明白，在一起一辈子这种事，不是嘴上说了就可以。外面的诱惑这么多，人的欲望这么大，而你能给的爱，其实就这么多。

　　后来我经常说，如果爱一个人又不可得，那就找个爱自己的吧。别太累，别付出太多，别太委屈，你说你爱他所以无所畏惧，但你的感情和耐心其实就这么多，你无法永远输出。

　　总有一天它们会因迟迟得不到回应而枯竭。等到那一天你会发现，哪怕再遇到喜欢的人，也没有力气去喜欢了。

【篇四】中石油四真五实要求

中石油昆仑燃气有限公司

百科名片

中石油昆仑燃气有限公司（简称昆仑燃气公司）是为实现天然气业务上中下游一体化，更好地履行责任，服务社会，经中国石油天然气集团公司批准、国家工商管理总局核准，于2008年8月6日，由中石油天然气管道燃气投资有限公司、中国华油集团燃气事业部、中油燃气有限责任公司重组整合成立，是中国石油城市燃气运营的专业化公司。公司注册资本金60.6亿元。

业务范围

昆仑燃气公司主要业务范围包括城市燃气管网建设、城市燃气输配、天然气与液化石油气销售以及售后服务等相关业务。负责中国石油城市燃气业务中长期发展建议规划，参与城市燃气资源的统一协调配置；负责组织城市燃气业务市场开发工作；负责城市燃气业务资本运作及股权管理的具体工作；负责城市燃气业务生产经营管

中石油昆仑燃气有限公司

理；负责城市燃气业务管理规范及标准体系建设；负责城市燃气业务的质量安全环保管理等工作。

　　昆仑燃气公司依托中国石油在天然气资源、资金、人才、品牌等方面的多种优势，实施专业化管理、集约化经营，全力打造中国石油昆仑燃气品牌。沿中国石油天然气管道沿线，大力开发城市燃气市场。目前，昆仑燃气公司业务主要分布在北京、天津、河北、山东、河南、江苏、安徽、浙江、湖北、湖南、江西、广东、海南、四川、重庆、广西、云南、陕西、甘肃、吉林等20多个省、市、自治区，覆盖近100座城市，供气能力达50亿方以上，拥有全资子公司、分公司、控股公司、参股公司100多个。通过与各地政府的密切合作，确保了安全稳定供气，履行了责任，树立了形象，规范了服务，赢得了市场。

公司宗旨

本着合作发展、互利共赢的原则，昆仑燃气公司重视与国内燃气企业之间的合作，现已与多家知名燃气公司开展了合作。我们将发挥各自优势，相互尊重，相互支持，相互信任，进一步扩大合作范围，深化合作深度，与业内企业一起，实现共同发展。

　　作为中国石油在天然气业务方面服务广大用户的桥梁和纽带，中石油昆仑燃气有限公司秉承中国石油“奉献能源、创造和谐”的企业宗旨，全面履行经济、政治和社会三大责任，为居民、公福、工业用户提供长期稳定的天然气资源保障和优质服务，努力建设国内一流、国际先进的专业化燃气公司，为促进城市节能减排、优化能源结构、创造和谐环境、提高人民生活质量，做出积极的贡献！

　　2008年

　　六月

　　27日，中国石油天然气集团公司下发《关于整合城市燃气业务和成立昆仑燃气公司筹备组有关问题的通知》（中油人事〔2008〕310号），中国石油天然气股份有限公司下发《关于成立中国石油昆仑燃气有限公司的通知》（石油人事〔2008〕192号），昆仑燃气公司开始筹备。

　　七月

　　1日，在集团公司八楼多功能厅召开会议，宣布成立集团公司昆仑燃气公司筹备组，对集团公司部分城市燃气业务进行整合，项平生任筹备组组长，王永纯、姜银涛、胡兆科为筹备组成员。股份公司以“中油燃气有限责任公司”更名方式成立中国石油昆仑燃气有限公司（具体名称以工商登记机关核准的为准），为股份公司独资设立的一人有限责任公司。集团公司党组成员、副总经理、股份公司总裁周吉平在会上作重要讲话。

　　4日，集团公司党组书记、总经理蒋洁敏赴昆仑燃气公司筹备组临时办公地金融街投资广场B座6楼现场办公。

　　11日，集团公司人事劳资部举行城市燃气业务管理权移交仪式，管道燃气投资公司、华油集团燃气事业部的城市燃气业务管理权移交昆仑燃气公司筹备组。人事劳资部副主任孙金瑜，昆仑燃气公司筹备组项平生、王永纯、姜银涛，管道局副局长刘伟、华油集团公司总经理王文沧参加移交仪式。

　　16日，初步组建了昆仑燃气公司机关，机关由总经理办公室等11个处室组成，并成立市场开发一部、二部、三部和华中市场部（华中市场开发部后改为市场开发四部）等4个市场开发机构，负责分别华北、华东、西北西南、华中等地区市场开发。

　　21日，昆仑燃气公司机关在临时办公地亚运村远大中心5楼正式办公。

　　31日，在河北廊坊国际饭店召开昆仑燃气公司领导干部会议，筹备组组长项平生作工作报告。会议明确了公司发展的初步设想和目标，提出“建设国内一流、国际先进的专业化燃气公司”的奋斗目标。筹备组成员王永纯、姜银涛、胡兆科等参加会议。

　　八月

　　6日，中石油昆仑燃气有限公司经工商注册正式成立。7日，在远大中心五楼会议室召开昆仑燃气公司干部会议，股份公司人事部总经理单昆基宣布了中石油昆仑燃气有限公司领导班子组成，项平生任执行董事、总经理、党委副书记，王永纯任党委书记、副总经理、纪委书记、工会主席，姜银涛任副总经理、党委委员，胡兆科任副总经理兼安全总监、党委委员，王刚任总会计师、党委委员。集团公司党组成员、副总经理廖永远参加并作重要讲话。

　　10日，公司与武汉钢铁集团江南燃气热力有限责任公司签订成立武汉中油昆仑燃气有限公司的合资协议。

　　12日，公司与云南省投资控股集团有限公司签订了《云南省天然气利用项目合作框架协议》。

　　21日，公司成立市场开发五部，负责华南地区市场开发。

　　27日，公司安全生产（HSE）委员会成立，项平生为主任，王永纯、姜银涛、胡兆科、王刚为副主任。

　　29日，公司与山西天然气股份有限公司签订《山西省城市天然气利用项目合作框架协议》。

　　九月

　　10日，公司与云南省投资控股集团有限公司、昆明煤气(集团)控股有限公司、云南长安投资有限公司在昆明市签订《昆明市天然气利用项目合作框架协议》。天然气与管道分公司副总经理侯创业、公司总经理项平生、副总经理胡兆科出席签字仪式。

　　11日，股份公司总工程师、天然气与管道分公司总经理黄维和一行到公司调研和现场办公。

　　18日，公司在北京召开首次市场开发工作会议，公司领导和各市场开发部班子成员参加了会议。会议对市场开发工作进行了安排和部署。

　　24日，公司与中石油昆仑天然气利用有限公司签订转让协议，将湖南长沙鑫能车用燃气公司股权、湖南中油管道燃气有限公司CNG业务转让给昆仑天然气利用公司，同时接收该公司的海南文昌、日照、莒南等城市燃气项目业务管理权。10月9日举行了管理权交接仪式。

　　十月

　　23日，公司召开机关大会和效能监察推进会议，进行了工会选举，成立了中石油昆仑燃气有限公司工会委员会，由王永纯、王克才、王工、关敏娟、罗凤英、谢茂等6人组成。

　　十一月

　　10日，公司与合肥市人民政府国有资产监督管理委员会签订《合肥市滨湖新区城市管道燃气项目合作框架协议》。

　　18日，公司与广西帝恒投资有限责任公司、广西来宾帝恒燃气有限公司签订《南宁—东盟经济开发区天然气综合利用项目合作框架协议》。

　　21日，公司与大连天诚燃气有限公司签订《大连市金州区天然气开发与利用项目合作框架协议》。

　　26日，公司与兰州市人民政府在北京签订《兰州市天然气利用项目合作框架协议》。集团公司党组成员、副总经理廖永远、喻宝才，股份公司总工程师黄维和，公司总经理项平生、副总经理胡兆科等领导参加签字仪式。

　　十二月

　　3日，公司成立市场开发六部，负责西北地区市场开发工作。

　　5日，公司成立吉林分公司，负责吉林市燃气业务和接收的吉林石化燃气运营管理，以及吉林省内市场开发。

　　6日，公司与沈阳经济技术开发区管理委员会签订《沈阳经济技术开发区天然气综合利用项目框架协议》。

　　12日，武汉中油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　26日，合肥中油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　27日，集团公司人事劳资部在大庆举行城市燃气业务管理权移交仪式，大庆石油管理局所属大庆中庆燃气控股有限公司、大庆燃气分公司、哈尔滨中庆燃气有限责任公司的业务管理权移交昆仑燃气公司。

　　28日，中国石油天然气集团公司与湖南省人民政府在长沙签订《湖南省天然气利用项目合作框架协议》，支持昆仑燃气公司开发长沙、株洲、湘潭“两型”社会改革试验区天然气利用项目和湖南省内城市燃气开发。集团公司党组成员、副总经理廖永远，股份公司总工程师黄维和，公司总经理项平生、副总经理姜银涛等出席。

　　30日，公司与江苏省苏州工业园区管委会、中华煤气有限公司、江苏中兴能源投资有限公司签订《苏州工业园区天然气综合利用项目合作框架协议》。

　　2009年

　　一月

　　4日，公司与济南市市政公用事业局签订《济南市天然气综合利用项目合作框架协议》。

　　15日-16日，昆仑燃气公司2009年工作会议在北京塔里木石油宾馆召开，确定了公司2009-2011年的“1233”工作思路（突出市场开发一条主线，把握强化管理、扩大销量两个主题，推进效益优先、人才兴企、和谐发展三大战略，逐年实现市场开发、销量、市场份额等三大目标，努力建设国内一流、国际先进的专业化燃气公司）。

　　二月

　　18日，股份公司总工程师黄维和听取昆仑燃气公司市场开发工作专题汇报，强调要注重效益开发，抓住重点项目，做好市场开发项目的前期规划，利用资源增量逐步推高新进入城市的天然气气价，配合股份公司做好整体布局，对管线目前未涉及区域，可以先期用过渡气源进行供气，股份公司予以支持。

　　三月

　　5日，公司设立华东、华北、东北三个安全监督站。华东安全监督站设在宿迁中油管道燃气有限公司，华北安全监督站设在霸州华油燃气有限公司，东北安全监督站设在大庆燃气公司，分别负责华东、华北、东北地区公司所属企业的安全监督工作。

　　9日，公司决定在大庆油田中庆燃气控股有限责任公司（大庆石油管理局天然气事业部）基础上成立市场开发七部，负责东北地区城市燃气市场开发。

　　16日，公司召开深入学习实践科学发展观活动动员大会，传达了集团公司开展深入学习实践科学发展观活动动员会和学习实践活动培训班领导讲话精神，对公司开展深入学习实践科学发展观活动进行了安排和部署。

　　17日，公司在北京召开推进重点项目落地暨2009年第一季度市场开发工作会议，对全年市场开发工作进行了安排部署，强调了全年完成30个项目开发落地的目标。

　　四月

　　7日，公司举行中心组（扩大）学习及领导班子成员学习体会交流会，公司领导班子成员交流了学习科学发展观、实践科学发展观的体会。

　　18日，集团公司党组书记、总经理蒋洁敏视察了昆仑燃气公司所属湖南华油天然气输配有限公司星沙首站。项平生总经理陪同。

　　29日，公司召开科学发展观学习讨论成果交流会。总结了昆仑燃气公司学习实践活动第一阶段情况及成果，液化气分公司等5个单位分别作了学习调研阶段工作经验交流。

　　五月

　　5日，集团公司人事劳资部副主任孙金瑜等到公司调研。

　　11日，集团公司2009年第18次领导工作例会决定：由昆仑燃气公司统一负责集团公司LPG的销售，各石化企业不再从事LPG的销售工作。

　　13日, 公司召开学习实践科学发展观领导班子专题民主生活会。公司领导项平生、王永纯、姜银涛、胡兆科、王刚参加，集团公司人事部企业领导人员管理一处副处长崔利民、集团公司直属机关团委副书记张俊东参加会议。

　　15日，经挂牌交易，公司与管道局、华油集团分别签订《股权转让协议》，收购管道局持有的中石油天然气管道燃气投资有限公司全部股权、华油集团持有的城市燃气项目股权。

　　18日，公司探索实施苏浙地区项目区域化管理整合，委托宿迁公司对徐州公司、东海公司、东台公司、射阳公司、建湖公司、宝应公司、无锡洛社公司进行管理，组建宿迁公司党委，白宗成任宿迁公司总经理、党委书记；委托嵊州公司对新昌公司、临安公司进行管理，杨禹任嵊州公司总经理。同日，公司机关从临时办公地点远大中心正式搬迁至名人大厦办公。

　　19日，公司与云南省投公司、昆明煤气公司、长安投资公司在北京云南大厦共同签订昆明公司合资协议和公司章程。

　　27日，公司召开液化气业务整合专题会议，成立液化气业务整合工作领导小组，项平生任组长，胡兆科、王刚为副组长，着手实施中石油炼化企业液化气业务整合工作。

　　六月

　　1日，公司召开内部控制与风险管理体系建设启动会议，昆仑燃气公司内部控制与风险管理体系建设正式启动。

　　4日，股份公司人事部、炼化分公司召开液化气统销业务协调会议，确定以乌鲁木齐石化、宁夏石化、长庆石化、大港石化4家石化企业为试点，由昆仑燃气公司对其生产的液化气实施统销。

　　15日，公司开展“百日会战”活动动员，从5月20日至8月30日，在全公司范围内开展市场开发与项目落地“百日会战”，确保2009年30个落地项目的市场开发目标完成。

　　23日，中石油昆仑燃气有限公司芜湖分公司注册成立。

　　七月

　　1日，集团公司液化气统销首批4家单位乌鲁木齐石化、宁夏石化、长庆石化、大港石化顺利完成液化气业务管理权的交接，从1日8：00起，除自用燃料、原料、矿区自用以外的所有液化气销售业务，正式移交昆仑燃气公司。

　　6日，昆明中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　8日，项平生总经理与宁波市委书记巴音朝鲁、市长毛光烈在人民大会堂进行合作洽谈，并签署了《宁波市梅山岛天然气综合利用项目合作框架协议》。同日，公司与江苏信志投资担保有限公司、江苏普恒投资有限公司共同签署《南京市天然气综合利用项目合作框架协议》。

　　10日，公司召开深入学习实践科学发展观活动总结大会电话会，昆仑燃气公司深入学习实践科学发展观活动圆满结束。

　　14日，清远中油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　22日，介休中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　23日，保定中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。同日，公司与天津亿盛石油公司、天津奥尤盖斯技术服务公司、天津大港石化服务中心签署了四方合作框架协议，共同开发天津南港天然气项目。

　　26-27日，昆仑燃气公司2009年领导干部会议在北京塔里木石油宾馆召开。会议传达了集团公司深入学习实践科学发展观活动总结暨领导干部会议精神，项平生总经理作工作报告，对上半年的工作进行了总结，对下半年的工作进行了详细安排。王永纯书记在会议结束时作了总结讲话。

　　28日，岳阳中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　29日，公司机关成立液化气营销处；审计（纪检）监察处更名为审计处，成立纪检监察处。同日，无锡中石油昆仑燃气有限公司由原无锡洛社公司更名成立。

　　31日，抚宁中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　八月

　　4日，迁安中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。同日，中石油昆仑燃气有限公司中宁分公司注册成立。

　　6日，绍兴中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　7日，公司与哈尔滨投资集团有限责任公司、黑龙江奥格投资有限公司在北京签署《哈尔滨市CNG项目合作框架协议》，合作开展哈尔滨市CNG业务。同日，公司与广州花都区人民政府、广州域丰投资公司签署了《合作框架协议》，在广州花都区合作开展城市燃气业务。

　　14日，中石油昆仑燃气有限公司萍乡分公司、武汉东湖中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　25日，十堰中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　27日，武威中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　九月

　　7日，泰州中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　8日，金昌中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　10日，股份公司副总裁沈殿成主持召开液化气统销协调会议，确定加快股份公司炼化企业液化气统销实施步伐，要求2009年底之前完成股份公司炼化分公司所属全部炼化企业液化气业务统销。

　　14日，南京中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　15日，合肥中石油昆仑燃气有限公司接收合肥燃气集团在滨湖新区的燃气资产，并实现向滨湖新区用户通气运行。

　　17日，公司与南京化学工业园区管理委员会签署《南京化学工业园区天然气综合利用项目合作框架协议》。

　　18日，公司“大庆精神、铁人精神”报告团在吉林分公司举行了首场报告。报告团随后分别到宿迁、武汉、合肥、黄石、常德、霸州、北京等地巡回举行多场报告会，集中宣讲大庆精神、铁人精神。

　　23日，莱芜中石油昆仑燃气有限公司、张掖中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。同日，公司与昆仑天然气利用公司签订《股权转让协议》，收购海南文昌公司60%股权。

　　30日，苏州中石油昆仑港华燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　十月

　　12日，股份公司在北京召开中国石油液化气业务划转协调会，股份公司人事部副总经理孙金瑜，炼油与化工分公司副总经理周世民，天然气与管道分公司副总经理侯创业，及昆仑燃气和大庆石化等16家炼化企业领导和相关人员出席。会上昆仑燃气公司与16家炼化企业分别签订了《液化气销售业务划转框架协议》，分批接收16家炼化企业的液化气销售业务。

　　14日，公司与中国燃气控股有限公司在北京签署《战略合作协议书》，双方同意在管道燃气、LPG业务、天然气供应与采购等领域展开全面、深入的合作。

　　19日，嘉峪关中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　21日，盐城中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　十一月

　　1日，公司顺利接收锦州石化、锦西石化、华北石化、呼和浩特石化、庆阳石化、兰州石化、独山子石化、克拉玛依石化等8家炼化企业液化气销售业务，从1日早上8：00起，正式由昆仑燃气公司接手其液化气销售业务。

　　2日，博爱中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　11日，沈阳近海中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立，经营沈阳经济技术开发区燃气项目。

　　19日，新民中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　20日，集团公司直属机关党委常务副书记王益岭到昆仑燃气公司调研党群工作。

　　27日，遵化中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　28日，公司与昆仑天然气利用公司签订《股权转让协议》，收购莒南公司、日照岚山公司51%的股权。

　　30日，淄博中石油昆仑港华燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　十二月

　　1日，公司顺利接收哈尔滨石化、大庆石化、吉林石化、抚顺石化、辽河石化、辽阳石化等6家炼化企业液化气销售业务，从1日8：00起，正式由昆仑燃气公司接手其液化气销售业务。

　　4日，蒋洁敏总经理对昆仑燃气公司液化气统销工作做出重要批示：“平稳操作，与天然气结合起来，争取效益最大化”。同日，公司决定成立中石油昆仑燃气有限公司冀中分公司，负责冀中地区霸州公司、永清公司、涿州公司、保定公司等4家城市燃气运行单位的区域化管理，张晓军任总经理，组建冀中分公司党委，聂光华任党委书记；由常德中石油昆仑燃气有限公司对湖南华油输配燃气有限公司进行管理，组建常德公司党委，夏崇仁任常德公司总经理、党委书记。

　　7日，常熟中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　8日，根据工作需要，公司决定撤销市场开发三部、市场开发五部，同时成立广州项目部；成立中石油昆仑燃气有限公司华北分公司、辽宁分公司、黑龙江分公司、新疆分公司、西北分公司、西南分公司等6个液化气区域分公司。

　　9日，扬州中石油昆仑燃气有限公司、仪征中石油昆仑鑫泰燃气有限公司成立揭牌。

　　11日，伊川中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　17日，经北京中油健康安全环境认证中心审核，公司机关和黄石、大庆、宿迁、湖南输配、霸州、天水、阳信、液化气分公司等8家试点单位建立实施的质量、职业健康安全、环境和HSE“四标一体化”管理体系，分别通过质量管理体系、职业健康安全管理体系、环境管理体系和HSE管理体系认证并获得认证证书。

　　18日，经挂牌交易，公司与吉化集团签订《股权转让协议》，收购其城市燃气业务资产。

　　21日，新郑中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　28日，仙桃中石油昆仑燃气有限公司注册成立。

　　30日，经挂牌交易，公司与大庆石油管理局签订《股权转让协议》，收购其持有的中庆燃气控股公司及燃气项目全部股权。

　　31日，股份公司批复同意昆仑燃气公司30亿元人民币增资，公司注册资本金增加到60.6亿元

【篇五】中石油四真五实要求

中国石油甘肃嘉峪关销售分公司：

甘肃晟扬水电工程有限公司(投标人全称)授权 穆应红 (法定代表人授权代表姓名) 副经理、工程师 (职务、职称)为我方代表，参加贵方组织的 中国石油甘肃嘉峪关销售分公司断山口加油站、酒钢厂区加油站变压器及配套设备设施安装工程 (项目名称、项目编号)开标的有关活动，并对此项目进行签字。为此：

1、我方同意在本项目招标文件中规定的开标之日起 60 天内，遵守本投标文件中的承诺且在此承诺期限期满之前均具有约束力。

2、我方承诺已经具备供应商应当具备的条件：

（1）具有独立承担民事责任的能力；

（2）具有履行协议所必需的设备和专业技术能力；

（3）有依法缴纳税收的良好记录；

（4）在经营活动中没有重大违法记录；

（5）具备法律法规规定的其他条件。

3、提供投标格式规定的全部投标文件，包括：纸质文件 3 份（1正 2副）。

4、保证忠实地执行双方所签订的协议，并承担协议规定的责任和义务。

5、保证遵守招标文件中的规定。

6、我方愿意向贵方提供任何与本次招标有关的数据和资料。若贵方需要，我方愿意提供我方做出的一切承诺的证明材料。

7、我方已详细审核全部投标文件，包括投标文件修改书（如有的话）、参考资料及有关附件，确认无误。

8、我方承诺接受招标文件中服务协议的全部条款且无任何异议。

9、我方将严格遵守《中华人民共和国招标投标法》的有关规定，若有下列情形之一的，将被列入黑名单，在三年内禁止参加投标活动：

（1）提供虚假材料谋取中标的；

（2）采取不正当手段诋毁、排挤其他投标人的；

（3）与其它投标人或者采购中心工作人员恶意串通的；

（4）拒绝有关部门监督检查或提供虚假情况的。

相关信息：

地址：甘肃省酒泉市肃州区莫高路16号（惠成大酒店809室）

邮编：735000

联系人姓名：穆应红

联系人电话：181********

传真：/

法定代表人授权代表姓名：

投标人名称（加盖公章）：甘肃晟扬水电工程有限公司

开户行名称：中国银行股份有限公司酒泉南大街支行 （请写清楚开户行全称，为投标人基本户）

账号：104017613750

注：除可填报项目外，对本投标函的任何修改将被视为非实质性响应，从而导致该投标文件被拒绝。

单位名称：甘肃晟扬水电工程有限公司

地 址：甘肃省酒泉市肃州区莫高路16号（惠成大酒店809室）

姓名：许春山 性别：男 年龄：30岁 职务：总经理 系甘肃晟扬水电工程有限公司的法定代表人，参加贵中心组织的中国石油甘肃嘉峪关销售分公司断山口加油站、酒钢厂区加油站变压器及配套设备设施安装工程（项目名称）项目开标活动，签署上述投标文件并处理与之有关的一切事务。

特此证明。

投标人名称（加盖公章）：甘肃晟扬水电工程有限公司

日期：2018年07月16日

注：此格式仅供由法定代表人参与开标活动并对投标文件进行签署的投标人使用。

附：法定代表人身份证明复印件（正反面）

中国石油甘肃嘉峪关销售分公司：

本授权书声明 ：注册于甘肃省酒泉市肃州区莫高路16号（惠成大酒店809室） （投标人地址）的甘肃晟扬水电工程有限公司（投标人名称）法定代表人许春山、总经理 （法定代表人姓名、职务）代表本公司授权在下面签字的穆应红、副经理（法定代表人授权代表姓名、职务）为本企业的合法代理人，就贵方组织的中国石油甘肃嘉峪关销售分公司断山口加油站、酒钢厂区加油站变压器及配套设备设施安装工程（项目名称）项目，以本企业名义处理一切与之有关的事务。

本授权书于 2018年07月16 日签字生效，特此声明。

法定代表人（签字）：

法定代表人授权代表（签字）：

投标人名称（加盖公章）：甘肃晟扬水电工程有限公司

日期：2018年07月12日

注：此格式供法定代表人授权代表参与开标活动并对投标文件进行签署的投标人使用。

序号

业主名称

工程名称

合同金额(万元)

合同签订

时间

1

金塔县海达清洁能源物流有限责任公司

金塔县海达清洁能源物流有限责任公司500kVA用电工程

135.6566万元

2017年6月

2

中铁二十三局集团有限

公司

中铁二十三局集团有限

公司G3011敦当高速公路试验段Ⅲ标段项目经理部10kV临时用电工程

25.5384万元

2017年3月

3

金塔县昌盛矿业有限公司

金塔县昌盛矿业有限公司配电工程

55万元

2016年10月

4

酒泉市金源矿业有限公司

酒泉市金源矿业有限公司100万吨/年焦化项目一、二号变电所安装工程

45.5万元

2016年1月

5

6

7

8

9

备注:以规定时间内签订的合同总金额为准，须提供包括合同首页、签字页、金额、工程内容或工程量清单在内的合同关键页扫描件作为证明材料，若为框架合同需同时提供框架合同、订单或结算文件。

项目名称：中国石油甘肃嘉峪关销售分公司断山口加油站、酒钢厂区加油站变压器及配套设备设施安装工程

标段

名称

投标总价

/

变压器2台

658746.00元

合计（大写） 陆拾伍万捌仟柒佰肆拾陆元整 （小写）658746.00元

投标人名称（加盖公章）：甘肃晟杨水电工程有限公司

法人代表（签字）：

委托代理人（签字）：

2018年 07月16日

工程名称:酒钢厂区加油站-安装工程

单位：元

序号

分项工程名称

型号

单位

数量

单价

合价

备注

1

变压器

315kVA

台

1

138000

138000

2

互感器

台

1

14500

14500

3

高压电缆

YJV22-8.7/15kV-3*50

m

200

160

32000

4

电缆终端头制作、安装

YJV22-8.7/15kV-3*50

个

2

800

1600

5

电缆中间头制作、安装

YJV22-8.7/15kV-3*50

个

1

1400

1400

6

电缆保护管

DN110

m

180

8

1440

7

真空断路器

(电流A以下)2000

台

1

16000

16000

8

故障指示仪

套

1

5000

5000

9

混凝土杆

12米

根

2

1600

3200

10

接地网

套

1

900

900

11

避雷器

17/45

个

2

600

1200

12

辅材一批

批

1

6000

6000

13

箱变基础

315kVA

座

1

16000

16000

14

电缆沟机械开挖

m3

100

30

3000

15

电缆沟人工开挖

m3

35

40

1400

16

箱变护栏

套

1

8500

8500

17

调试、安装费

18000

18000

18

设计费

8000

8000

19

税金

27614

20

合计:

303754

工程名称:断山口加油站

序号

分项工程名称

型号

单位

数量

单价

合价

1

变压器

315kVA

台

1

138000

138000

2

互感器

台

1

14500

14500

3

高压电缆

YJV22-8.7/15kV-3*50

m

455

160

72800

4

电缆终端头制作、安装

YJV22-8.7/15kV-3*50

个

2

800

1600

5

电缆中间头制作、安装

YJV22-8.7/15kV-3*50

个

1

1400

1400

6

电缆保护管

DN110

m

400

8

3200

7

真空断路器

(电流A以下)2000

台

1

16000

16000

8

故障指示仪

套

1

5000

5000

9

混凝土杆

12米

根

2

1600

3200

10

接地网

套

1

900

900

11

避雷器

17/45

个

2

600

1200

12

调试、安装费

22000

22000

13

设计费

8000

8000

14

辅材一批

批

1

8000

8000

15

箱变基础

315kVA

座

1

12000

12000

16

电缆沟机械开挖

m3

217

20

4340

17

电缆沟人工开挖

m3

65

32

2080

18

箱变护栏

套

1

8500

8500

19

税金

32272

20

合计:

354992

【篇六】中石油四真五实要求

17、中石油工程建设承包商准入证

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